Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI-1 - Exam One > Choudhury - Pancreas > Flashcards

Choudhury - Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Acinus (exocrine pancreas) (function)

A

secretory acini and ducts
constitute ~98% of pancreatic mass

acini
20-40 secretory cells coalesce into a sac-like unit
cells secrete digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acinar cell (exocrine pancreas) (function)

A

secrete digestive enzymes

packaged in zymogen granules,

released into acinar lumen   amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Centroacinar cell (exocrine pancreas) (function)

A

secrete bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lobule (exocrine pancreas) (function)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lobe (exocrine pancreas) (function)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pancreatic duct (exocrine pancreas) (function)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Islet of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas) (function)

A

accounts for <2% of pancreatic mass

islands of cells - islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alpha cell (endocrine pancreas) (function)

A

25-35% of islet cells
produce glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beta cell (endocrine pancreas) (function)

A

55-65% of islet cells

produce insulin, amylin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Delta cell (endocrine pancreas) (function)

A

5-15% of islet cells
produce somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PP cell (endocrine pancreas) (function)

A

<2% of islet cells produce pancreatic polypeptide

(regulatory peptide)

stimulates gastric chief cells

inhibits bile secretion and intestinal motility

inhibits pancreatic enzymes and HC03- secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteolytic endopeptidases (exocrine digestive enzyme)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lipases (exocrine digestive enzyme)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amyolytic endopeptidases (exocrine digestive enzyme)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nucleolytic enzymes (exocrine digestive enzyme)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insulin (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

released in response to glucose
promotes uptake of glucose into target tissues
(primarily liver, muscle and fat)

primary islet hormone

17
Q

Glucagon (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

secreted in response to low blood glucose
counter-regulatory hormone
promotes production of glucose from
liver glycogen
glucose precursors

“Important in starvation”

18
Q

Somatostatin (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion (“inhibitory input”).

19
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (function as an endocrine hormone)

A
20
Q

VIP (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

similar to action of glucagon (hyperglycemic & glycogenolytic)

also affects secretory activity & motility in gut

stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion

Plays a role in vasodilation, arterial BP, heart contractility, glycogenolysis

21
Q

Secretin (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

acts locally

stimulates HC03- secretion (in pancreatic juice)

stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion

22
Q

Motilin (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

increases gastric and intestinal motility

23
Q

Substance P (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

has neurotransmitter properties

24
Q

Ghrelin (function as an endocrine hormone)

A

stimulates appetite

25
Q

Describe and discuss the mechanisms of communication within the pancreas, between pancreatic cells and extra-pancreatic cells, including blood supply, paracrine relationships, junctional communications (gap junctions), innervation(sympathetics & parasympathetics), and the islet-acinar axis (islet acinar portal system).

A

blood supply

paracrine relationships

junctional communications (gap junctions)

innervation: sympathetics & parasympathetics

islet-acinar axis (islet acinar portal system)

26
Q

Location of pancreas

A

located in the retroperitoneal space

attached to the duodenum and spleen
at level of ~2nd lumbar vertebra

oblique, transverse in position

27
Q

Pancreatic development

A

endodermal in origin

develops from ventral & dorsal pancreatic buds

28
Q

Pancreatic head details

A

flattened structure, 2 – 3 cm thick

includes uncinate process

attached to 2nd and 3rd portions of duodenum

** gastroduodenal artery defines border with neck**

 yields superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (SPDA)

divides into anterior & posterior SPDA
branches to duodenum and rt. border of head

29
Q

Pancreatic neck details

A

2 to 3 cm in length

antero-superior surface supports pylorus of stomach

straddles SMV and PV

superior mesenteric arterial branches emerge at inferior border

posteriorly, SMV & splenic vein converge to form portal vein

30
Q

Body of the pancreas (don’t memorize)

A

longest segment of organ structure

anterior surface separated from stomach by lesser sac

posterior surface related to:

aorta, lt. adrenal, lt. renal vessels, and upper 1/3rd of lt. kidney

splenic vein embedded in posterior surface

inferior surface is covered by tranverse mesocolon

31
Q

Pancreatic tail

A

pancreatic tail

short, narrow segment

lies at level of 12th thoracic vertebra

terminates at splenic hilum, within splenophrenic lig.

anteriorly, related to splenic flexure of colon

may be injured during splenectomy (fistula)

32
Q

Two pancreatic ducts (“be aware”)

A

Main duct (duct of Wirsung)

runs length of pancreas, merges with common bile duct at ampulla of Vater

2–4mm diameter, ~20 secondary branches

ductal pressure is higher than in common bile duct to prevent backflow, damage

Accessory duct (duct of Santorini)

drains superior portion of head & empties separately into duodenum

33
Q

How many different arterial sources supply the pancreas? (list them, be familiar)

A

Seven…

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from gastroduodenal artery)

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from sup. mesenteric artery)

ant. & post. branches of each anastomose

dorsal pancreatic artery (from splenic artery)

great pancreatic artery (from splenic artery)

caudal pancreatic artery (from splenic artery)

+ numerous other small, un-named branches supply body & tail

34
Q

Veins of the pancreas

A

venous drainage

generally follows arterial supply

ant. and post. arcades drain head & body

drain to SMV and/or to portal vein

splenic vein drains body & tail

ultimately, all drain into hepatic portal vein

Significance? Insulin drains to liver.

35
Q

“Final” digestive juice from pancreas details

A

alkaline fluid
colorless, odorless, isosmotic

500-800ml secreted per day

enzymes activated in duodenum

by acidic environment
pH neutralizes gastric acid

& buffers intestinal pH

36
Q

Amylin is secreted with what other hormone?

A

Insulin

37
Q

How are islets arranged in the human pancreas?

A

precise relationship among cells types
all cells “randomly” distributed, but arrayed along vessels - such that all cells see blood

38
Q

Islet-acinar axis

A
  • islets of Langerhans within the exocrine pancreas has a specific purpose
  • insulin regulates both metabolism and secretion of pancreatic acinar
  • nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract will stimulate insulin secretion via nervous and hormonal pathways
  • insulin released will not only regulate blood glucose, but will also potentiate exocrine pancreatic secretion
  • insulin also stimulates other acinar cell functions, such as transport of amino acids or glucose, as well as protein and enzyme synthesis
  • insulin directly regulates the acinar pancreas
  • endogenous insulin potentiates zymogen release
  • insulin has both short-term and long-term effects on the exocrine pancreas
  • a suppressive role of the islet-acinar axis via endogenous somatostatin and/or pancreatic polypeptide is suggested
39
Q

Islet-acinar axis con…

A

GI-1 - Exam One (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions