chp 1

Question 1

What are the four main functions of skeleton

Answer 1

Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood production

Question 2

Shape and support

Answer 2

Forms the frame which out muscles can attach and our organs can sit. Bones support the weight of the body above them.

Question 3

Shape and support eg

Answer 3

The spine enable us to stand upright
Then backbone enables us to stay upright

Question 4

Movement

Answer 4

Muscles are attached to the skeleton. Movement occurs when muscles contract and pull on bones making them move about a joint.

Question 5

Movement eg

Answer 5

The biceps muscle connect the shoulder and elbow and helps with lifting.

Question 6

Protection

Answer 6

Internal organs are soft, delicate and easily damaged. These vital organs are protected by the skeleton.

Question 7

Protection eg

Answer 7

The ribs help protect the heart and lungs
The cranium protects the brain

Question 8

Blood production

Answer 8

The centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow which creates red blood cells

Question 9

Blood production eg

Answer 9

The pelvis and the femur are both important for blood production

Question 10

The human skeleton is made up of

Answer 10

206 bones

Question 11

Bone

Answer 11

A hard, whitish, living tissue that makes up the skeleton; bones are lightweight but strong and perform many functions

Question 12

Name the bone on the head and the shoulders

Answer 12

1) cranium - head
2) clavicle - shoulders
3) scapula - near the ribs / shoulders

Question 13

Upper arm bone and what protects the lungs and underneath the lungs

Answer 13

Humerus and the ribs
Vertebrae

Question 14

The lower arm on the right and left

Answer 14

Right - ulna
Left - radius

Question 15

Near the hips and legs

Answer 15

Pelvis - hips
Upper leg - femur

Question 16

Knee and lower leg and near the leg (thin)

Answer 16

Knee - patella
Leg - tibia
Thin / fibula

Question 17

Name the bones on the hand

Answer 17

Carpals near the wrist
Lower finger - Metacarpals
Finger tips - phalanges

Question 18

Name the foot bones

Answer 18

Toes - phalanges
Lower toes - metatarsals
Near the toes tarsals
Then talus

Question 19

Types of bones

Answer 19

Flat
Long
Irregular short

Question 20

All the flat bones

Answer 20

Cranium
Scapula
Ribs
Pelvis

Question 21

Long bones

Answer 21

Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Question 22

Irregular bones

Answer 22

Vertebrae

Question 23

Short bones

Answer 23

Patella
Talus
Tarsals
Carpals

Question 24

Long bones function

Answer 24

Act as a lever to produce a large range of movement

Question 25

Short bones

Answer 25

Small bones that enable movement and provide support

Question 26

Flat bones function

Answer 26

Provides protection for organs Provides a large surface area for muscle and attachments

Question 27

Irregular bones function

Answer 27

Provides protection and support Their shapes suits their specific function

Question 28

Joints

Answer 28

The point at which two or more bones meet, allowing movement

Question 29

Fixed / immovable

Answer 29

Fibrous joints where no movement is possible Between flat bones of the cranium

Question 30

Slightly movable / cartilaginous

Answer 30

Provides a small range of movement Joined by cartilage and ligaments Between the vertebrae

Question 31

Components of synovial joints

Answer 31

1) synovial membrane 2) synovial fluid 3) joint capsule 4) ligaments 5) cartilage

Question 32

Synovial membrane

Answer 32

Lines inside of the joint capsule Surrounds the joint capsule with synovial fluid

Question 33

Freely movable / synovial

Answer 33

Provides a large range of movement Ball and socket and hinge joints Most joints are synovial Knee, shoulder , hip , elbow and ankle

Question 34

Synovial fluid

Answer 34

A lubricant that reduces friction Allows for smoother movement Reduces wear and tear

Question 35

Joint capsule

Answer 35

Surrounds and protects the joint Helps to hold the bones together Made of fibrous membrane and a synovial membrane

Question 36

Ligaments

Answer 36

Strong elastic fibers Connect bones together and holds them together

Question 37

Cartilage

Answer 37

A strong flexible material Found at the ends of the bone Cushions the bones

Question 38

Tendons

Answer 38

Tough, fibrous, tissue Connects muscle to bone Helps the joint withstand tension

Question 39

Ball and socket

Answer 39

Provides a large range of movement Less stable and more prone to injury Located at the hip and the shoulder Movements possible = flexion, extension, abduction, addiction, rotation and circumduction

Question 40

Eg if ball and socket

Answer 40

Provides a large range of movement for actions like serving in tennis

Question 41

Hinge joints

Answer 41

Only allows the movement in one direction Located at the elbow and the knee More stable and less prone to injury Movement possible - flexion and extension

Question 42

more motion =

Answer 42

less stability = more wear and tear = more susceptibility to injury

Question 43

What joints are involved when throwing a ball

Answer 43

The shoulder to lift he ball, the elbow to bend the arm and the fingers to let the ball go.

Question 44

Less stable joints depend on

Answer 44

more on surrounding structures like muscles and ligaments to protect and stabilize them, and these joints are particularly susceptible to ligaments and muscle injuries

Question 45

How does a sprain happen

Answer 45

This happens when one or more of the ligaments are stretched, twisted or torn