Chp. 1-2

Question 1

What is Exercise Physiology?

Answer 1

Study of how your body reacts to exercise. Its like your body’s ‘fitness drama.’

Question 2

August Krogh: The OG of Capillaries

Answer 2

Won a Nobel Prize for studying blood flow in tiny vessels. Fancy, huh?

Question 3

Who are the European MVPs in exercise physiology?

Answer 3

J.S. Haldane invented a respiratory gas analyzer. Christian Bohr unveiled how hemoglobin works.

Question 4

What was the Harvard Fatigue Lab known for?

Answer 4

Researching metabolism, aging, and extreme weather survival.

Question 5

What is VO2 Max?

Answer 5

Maximal oxygen use = your fitness power level.

Question 6

What was Eisenhower’s Fitness Panic?

Answer 6

WWII-era worry about soldiers’ fitness leading to national workout programs.

Question 7

Who was Frances Hellebrandt?

Answer 7

Rehab queen during WWII. Exercise isn’t just sweat; it’s medicine.

Question 8

What is the Work Formula?

Answer 8

Work = Force Distance. Lifting stuff + moving it = physics at the gym.

Question 9

What is the Power Formula?

Answer 9

Power = Work Time. Faster lifting = more power.

Question 10

What are Ergometers?

Answer 10

Machines for measuring work, like treadmills.

Question 11

What is Direct Calorimetry?

Answer 11

Measures heat = energy used. Pricey and feels like a human sauna.

Question 12

What is Indirect Calorimetry?

Answer 12

Measures oxygen to guess calories. Budget-friendly science.

Question 13

What is Running Economy?

Answer 13

How much gas (O2) you burn per mile.

Question 14

What is Bioenergetics?

Answer 14

Turning food into energy. Your body’s kitchen.

Question 15

What is ATP?

Answer 15

Think of ATP as a battery your muscles love to drain.

Question 16

What is Anaerobic energy?

Answer 16

Quick energy bursts for sprints and lifting. Hello, lactic acid!

Question 17

What is Aerobic energy?

Answer 17

Long, steady energy from fatty acids and glucose.

Question 18

What are the types of Mitochondria?

Answer 18

Subsarcolemmal powers membranes; Intermyofibrillar feeds muscle contractions.

Question 19

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 19

Glucose Pyruvate + Energy (ATP). Short bursts of sugar power.

Question 20

What is the Lactic Acid Myth?

Answer 20

Lactate isn’t waste; it’s fuel. Your body recycles like a pro.

Question 21

What is the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 21

Happens in mitochondria. Produces ATP and electron buddies (NADH, FADH2).

Question 22

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 22

Electrons + Oxygen = ATP explosion.

Question 23

What is Oxidation-Reduction?

Answer 23

Oxidation: Lose electrons. Reduction: Gain electrons.

Question 24

What are Enzymes?

Answer 24

Lower energy hurdles to make reactions zoom.

Question 25

What are the main Fuels for energy?

Answer 25

Carbs = Quick sugar power; Fats = Slow, steady energy; Proteins = Backup fuel.

Question 26

What is the ATP-PC System?

Answer 26

Energy for short, intense moments (e.g., lifting 100 lbs).

Question 27

What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic?

Answer 27

Anaerobic: Sprints = sugar rush; Aerobic: Marathons = fat burn.

Question 28

What are Free Radicals?

Answer 28

Molecules with extra energy, controlled better with exercise.

Question 29

What is the Energy Balancing Act?

Answer 29

Glucose gives ~32 ATP, not the old-school 38.

Question 30

What is Phosphocreatine?

Answer 30

Helps rebuild ATP quickly. Sprinters love it.

Question 31

What are Control Freak Enzymes?

Answer 31

Glycolysis: PFK in charge; Krebs: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase is boss; ETC: Cytochrome Oxidase rules.

Question 32

What is Exercise Efficiency?

Answer 32

How much energy you use for work. More doesn't always mean better.

Question 33

What is the relationship between Heat and Enzymes?

Answer 33

Warmer temps = enzymes work faster (until you overheat).

Question 34

What is Glycogen?

Answer 34

Stored in muscles and liver, cashed out during exercise.

Question 35

What is needed for Marathon Energy?

Answer 35

Long events need aerobic power (carbs + fats working overtime).