Chp 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Three milestones of genetics
Gregor Mendal - The rules of inheritance
Watson and Crick - The structure of DNA
The human Genome project - The detailed analysis of Human DNA
Mendal: Genes and rules of inheritance
Genes - heriditary factors responsible for traits
Alleles - Different forms of the same gene
Rules of inheritance
- alleles of the same gene separate during gamete formation
- Alleles of different genes are inherited independently
What are genes made of
nucleic acid
What are nucleic acids made of
building blocks called nucleotides
components of nucleotides
- sugar molecule(ribose or deoxyribe)
- phosphate group
- Nitrogen containing molecule(adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine or uracil)
Genome
The collection of DNA molecules that makes up an organism
nucleotides linked through
sugar phosphate groups
Genomics
The analysis of DNA molecules that make up a genome
-involves genomics, robotics and computer science
human genome project determined…..
the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the human genome
genetic material must…..
- be able to replicate
- must contain information
- must be able to change
Proteome
Proteomics
The collection of all different proteins in an organism
The study of all the proteins in a cells
How many genes and proteins do humans have respectively
between 20,000 -25,000
hundreds of thousands
transcription makes…
translation makes…
reverse transcription is…
RNA
Proteins
used by viruses as a template for the synthesis of dna
phylogenic tree(phylogeny)
represents historical relationships among organisms
Classical genetics
- based on analysis of outcomes between different strains of organisms
- can be coordinated with with studies of structure and behavior of organisms
- encompasses transmission genetics(transfer of genetic information from genes to another generation) and studies of the nature of genetic material
Molecular genetics
studies the replication, mutation, and expression of genes at the molecular level, rooted in the study of dna sequences and the manipulation of dna molecules
population genetics
based on the analyzing gene frequencies and determining if these frequencies change over time
- includes evolution and inheritance of complex traits
GMO’s
have been altered by the introduction of foreign genes
Eugenics
Well born or the study of ways of improving the physical and mental characteristics of the human race
