Chp 10 terminology

Question 1

Strain

Answer 1

overstretching, overexertion, overuse of soft tissue (muscle)

Question 2

Sprain

Answer 2

sever stress, stretch, or tear of soft tissue, such as joint capsule, ligament, tendon, or mm

Question 3

Dislocation

Answer 3

displacement of bony partners in a joint, resulting in loss of anatomical relationship and leading to soft tissue damage

Question 4

Subluxation

Answer 4

an incomplete or partial dislocation of the boney partners in a joint that often involves secondary trauma to surrounding soft tissue

Question 5

mm/tendon partial rupture or tear

Answer 5

pain is experienced in the region of the breach when the mm is stretched it contracts against resistance

Question 6

mm/.tendon complete rupture or tear

Answer 6

mm does not pull against the injury, so stretching or contraction of the mm does not cause pain

Question 7

tendinopathy/ tendinous lesions

Answer 7

pathology affecting the tendon

Question 8

Synovitis

Answer 8

inflammation of a synovial membrane; an excess of normal synovial fluid in a joint or tendon sheath caused by trauma or disease

Question 9

Hemarthrosis

Answer 9

bleeding into a joint, usually due to severe trauma

Question 10

Ganglion

Answer 10

ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath. ganglia may arise after trauma, and they sometimes occur with rhemumatoid arthritis

Question 11

Bursitis

Answer 11

inflammation of a bursa

Question 12

Contusion

Answer 12

bruising from a direct blow, resulting in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response

Question 13

Dysfunction

Answer 13

loss of normal function of tissue or region

Question 14

Contractures

Answer 14

adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, mm, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or flexibility of that structure

Question 15

Adhesions

Answer 15

abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures during immobilization, after trauma, or as complication of surgery

Question 16

Reflex mm guarding

Answer 16

prolonged contraction of a mm in response to a painful stimulus. the primary pain-causing lesion may be near by/underlying tissue or may be referred pain source

Question 17

Intrinsic mm spasm

Answer 17

(charlie horse) prolonged contraction of a mm in response to the local circulatory and metabolic changes that occur when a mm is in a continued stat of contraction

Question 18

mm weakness

Answer 18

decrease in strength of a mm contraction due to symstemic, chemical, or local lesion of a nerve of myoneural junction or CNC or PNS

Question 19

myofasical compartment syndrome

Answer 19

increased interstitial pressure in a closed, nonexpanding, myofascial compartment that compromises the function of the blood vessels, mm, or nerves

Question 20

Grade 1(first degree)

Answer 20

mild pain at the time of injury or within the first 24 hours, mild swelling, local tenderness, and pain occur when the tissue is stressed

Question 21

Grad 2 (second degree)

Answer 21

moderate pain that requires stopping the activity, stress and palpation of the tissue greatly increase pain, when the injury is to ligaments, some of the fibers are torn, resulting in some increased joint mobility

Question 22

Grad 3 (third degree)

Answer 22

near-complete tear or avulsion of the tissue (tendon or ligament) with severe pain, stress to the tissue is usually painless, palpation may reveal a defect, a torn ligament results in instability of the joint