CHP 13-14

Question 1

The brainstem consists of these four structures:

Answer 1

The medulla, pons, and midbrain, and reticular formation.

Question 2

What is the medulla oblongata responsible for?

Answer 2

The medulla is the center for several important reflexes (i.e, heart rate, vomiting, breathing, coughing/sneezing).

Question 3

What is the pons responsible for?

Answer 3

The pons is responsible for relaying information between the cerebrum and cerebellum; site for reflex center.

Question 4

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 4

The midbrain serves as visual reflex center.

Question 5

What does the reticular formation control?

Answer 5

The sleep/wake cycle.

Question 6

What is the functions of our cerebellum?

Answer 6

Our cerebellum controls muscle movement, balance, and is responsible for muscle memory.

Question 7

What are the four subdivisions of our Diencephalon?

Answer 7

The thalamus, sub-, epi-, and hypo- thalamus.

Question 8

What does our thalamus influence? What is it’s major role?

Answer 8

Our thalamus influences mood and movement and is the major sensory relay center.

Question 9

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

The hypothalamus is the major control center for maintaining homeostasis and regulating endocrine functions.

Question 10

What are the two structures of the cerebrum?

Answer 10

The basal nuclei and the limbic system.

Question 11

What are the functions of the basal nuclei?

Answer 11

The basal nuclei controls muscle activity and posture; inhibits unintentional movement.

Question 12

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 12

The limbic system produces autonomic responses to smell, emotion, mood, and memory.

Question 13

The medulla consists of structures called olives. What are they?

Answer 13

Olives are nuclei that help regulate balance, coordination, and modulation of sound from inner ear.

Question 14

The medulla consists of the nuclei for these nerves:

Answer 14

V, IX-XII

Question 15

The pontine, relating to or affecting the __ of the brain, acts as a relay between the ____ and ____.

Answer 15

Pons; cerebrum, cerebellum.

Question 16

The pons consists of the nuclei for these nerves:

Answer 16

V-IX

Question 17

The midbrain consists of the nuclei for these nerves:

Answer 17

III-V

Question 18

The Tectum is a structure of the midbrain that consists of the

Answer 18

Inferior and superior colliculi.

Question 19

The two superior colliculi are involved in ____ reflexes.

Answer 19

Visual.

Question 20

The two inferior colliculi are involved in ____ reflexes.

Answer 20

Auditory.

Question 21

The superior colliculi receive information from the ____ ____, ____, ____, and cerebrum.

Answer 21

Inferior colliculi, eyes, skin.

Question 22

The midbrain contains what type of nuclei that is aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities.

Answer 22

Red nuclei.

Question 23

Red nuclei

Answer 23

aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities in the midbrain.

Question 24

Tegmentum are

Answer 24

ascending tracts of the midbrain. Ex. are spinal and medial lemniscus.

Question 25

The group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem forms the

Answer 25

Reticular formation.

Question 26

What are cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 26

Fiber tracts that communicate with other parts of the brain.

Question 27

The cortex is folded in ridges called __.

Answer 27

Folia.

Question 28

____ cells are the largest in the CNS, are inhibitory, and are the only cortex neurons that send axons to cerebellar nuclei.

Answer 28

Purkinje.

Question 29

Walking a tightrope would activate what portion of the medulla?

Answer 29

The pyramids and the olives.

Question 30

Damage to the pontine nuclei might affect __

Answer 30

Vision.

Question 31

The ____ ____ are involved with auditory pathways in the CNS.

Answer 31

Inferior colliculi.

Question 32

During an autopsy the brainstem was separated from the rest of the brain by a cut between the

Answer 32

midbrain and diencephalon.

Question 33

The cerebellum communicate with other parts of the CNS by means of nerve tracts called the

Answer 33

Cerebellar peduncles.

Question 34

The portion of the cerebellum that is involved in balance and eye movements is the ____

Answer 34

Flocculonodular lobe.

Question 35

The occulomoter nerve

Answer 35

adjusts pupil size to the level of lighting.

Question 36

The ____ only innervates one muscle of the eyeball.

Answer 36

Trochlear nerve.

Question 37

Visceral senses provide information regarding

Answer 37

pain and pressure in internal organs.

Question 38

Somatic senses provide information regarding

Answer 38

information about the body and environment including: touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception, and pain.

Question 39

Special senses include:

Answer 39

smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance.

Question 40

____ ____ generate APs called a generator potential.

Answer 40

General (primary) receptors.

Question 41

____ ____ produces a receptor potential in special senses.

Answer 41

Secondary receptor.

Question 42

General senses are composed of ____ and ____ senses.

Answer 42

Somatic, Visceral.

Question 43

The five types of sensory receptors are:

Answer 43

Mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, and nociceptors.

Question 44

Mechanoreceptors are receptors that respond to:

Answer 44

Touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, and balance.

Question 45

Chemoreceptors are receptors that respond to:

Answer 45

Smell and taste. Chemicals become attached to receptors on their membranes.

Question 46

Thermoreceptors are receptors that respond to:

Answer 46

Changes in temperature.

Question 47

Photoreceptors are receptors that respond to:

Answer 47

Light: Vision.

Question 48

Nociceptors are receptors that detect:

Answer 48

Pain, or extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli.

Question 49

The three types of receptors based on location are:

Answer 49

Exteroreceptors, visceroreceptors, and proprioceptors.

Question 50

Free nerve endings respond to __, ____, ____, ____, ____.

Answer 50

painful stimuli, temperature, itch, joint movement, and proprioception.

Question 51

Merkel disks detect ____ and ____.

Answer 51

Light touch, superficial pressure.

Question 52

Pacinian corpuscle detects:

Answer 52

deep cutaneous pressure, vibration, and proprioception.

Question 53

____ ____ are involved in two-point discrimination

Answer 53

Meissner corpuscles.

Question 54

In free nerve endings, ____ are 10-15 times more numerous than ____.

Answer 54

Cold, warm.

Question 55

Ruffini end organs are primarily in

Answer 55

The dermis of the fingers, and respond to continuous touch or pressure.

Question 56

What is accommodation?

Answer 56

Decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus.

Question 57

The two types of proprioceptors are ____ and ____ receptors.

Answer 57

Tonic (slowly adapting), and phasic (rapidly adapting).

Question 58

The Anterolateral system is a __ neuron system that conveys

Answer 58

3; pain, temperature, light touch, pressure, tickle and itch.

Question 59

The right cerebral cortex controls

Answer 59

3-D or spatial perception, recognition of faces, musical ability, muscular activity and receives sensory information from left side of body.

Question 60

The left cerebral cortex controls

Answer 60

Math, speech, muscular activity and receives sensory information from right side of body.

Question 61

Alpha.

Answer 61

Resting state with eyes closed.

Question 62

Beta.

Answer 62

During intense mental activity.

Question 63

Theta.

Answer 63

Occur in children and adults experiencing frustration or brain disorders.

Question 64

Delta.

Answer 64

Occurs in sleep, infancy, and severe brain disorders.

Question 65

Long-term memory (declarative or explicit) are accessed by

Answer 65

Hippocampus (actual memory) and amygdaloid nucleus (emotional).