Chp 15. Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(42 cards)
Criteria for behavior to be considered abnormal
– deviant (atypical)
– maladaptive (dysfunctional)
– personally distressing (despair)
What does Deviant Behavior mean?
Behavior does not conform to accepted social standards.
Ex. washing one’s hands four times an hour and taking seven showers a day
What does Maladaptive behavior mean?
Behavior interferes with a person’s ability to function effectively in the world.
Ex. A person that believes their breath can harm others may go to great lengths to avoid people to protect them
What does personally distressing mean?
It’s over a long period of time, meaning the person finds it troubling.
Ex. Someone who secretly makes themselves vomit after every meal may never be seen by others as deviant.
What are characteristics of Cognitive approaches to therapy?
-Focus on symptoms and skill development rather than insight into the past or to root causes of the client’s problems.
-Directive.
- thoughts are primary source of psychological problems ( Negative self talk )
What are characteristics of sociocultural approaches to therapy
Methods view the individual as part of a system of relationships influenced by various social and cultural factors.
What are symptoms of panic disorder?
An anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.
Symptoms:
1) Shortness of breath
2) chest pains
3) trembling
4) sweating,
5) dizziness
6) feeling of helplessness
What are symptoms of OCD?
• Symptoms
– persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts and/or urges to perform
repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce a situation
– obsessions: recurrent thoughts
– compulsions: recurrent behaviors
What are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
An anxiety disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety.
Symptoms: experience fatigue, muscle tension, stomach problems, difficulty sleeping
What are symptoms of social phobia (social anxiety)?
An anxiety disorder in which the individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations.
What are symptoms of dissociative amnesia?
Dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress.
Forget only aspects of their own identity and autobiographical experiences
What are symptoms of schizophrenia?
May see things that are not there, hear voices inside their head, show inappropriate emotion, may say odd things. Socially withdrawn and isolated.
What are symptoms of antisocial personality disorder?
1) Failure to conform to social norms or obey laws.
2)Impulsivity
3) Deceitfulness, lying or conning others for personal profit or pleasure
4) Lack of remorse
What are symptoms of personality disorder?
1) Impulsive and risky behavior
2) unstable self-perception
3) Difficult relationships
4) Mood swings
5) Paranoia
etc.,
Inflexible, disruptive,
and enduring behavior
patterns that impair
social and other
functioning
What are symptoms of autism spectrum disorder?
- Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction
- Restrictive repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities
What is the goal of humanistic client-centered therapy?
-unique in their emphasis on clients’ self-healing capacities
-encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally.
What is the goal of cognitive therapy?
cognitive restructuring: changing a pattern of
thought that is causing maladaptive behavior or
emotion
What are the criticisms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?
1) That it is rooted in the medical model-treating psychological disorders.
2) Neglects factors such as poverty, unemployment, and trauma.
3) It relies too much on social norms and subjective judgements
4) Many new categories of disorders have been added, some with no consistent research support.
What are characteristics of first impressions?
Discern qualities of a person’s
1) self-esteem
2) judgments of extraversion
3) conscientiousness
4) intelligence
5) personality
What’s the focus of behavior therapies?
Desired behavior is reinforced; undesired behavior is not reinforced and sometimes is punished.
* Focus on behavior, not thoughts or emotions.
What’s the focus of humanistic perspectives in therapy?
- Emphasize conscious rather THAN unconscious thoughts.
- Emphasize positive human qualities and the
capacity for personal growth
What are the Systematic desensitization techniques in treating phobias?
1) exposing someone to a feared situation in a real or an imagined way, or using virtual reality.
2) Therapist asks client to rank aspects of feared situation from most to least frightening
3) Teach individual to relax.
Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Characteristics of neuroticism as a personality trait.
1) Tendency to worry and experience negative emotions
2) anxious, insecure, and self-pitying
What’s the purpose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating depression?
SSRIS target serotonin and work mainly by interfering only with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain.
