Chp 17 Therapy

Question 0

: prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system.

Answer 0

Biomedical Therapy

Question 1

: an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.

Answer 1

Psychotherapy

Question 2

: an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Answer 2

Eclectic Approach

Question 3

: Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

Answer 3

Psychoanalysis

Question 4

: developed psychoanalysis, which was the first of the psychological therapies. Freud assumed that many psychological problems are fueled by childhood’s residue of repressed impulses and conflicts

Answer 4

Sigmund Freud

Question 5

: in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Answer 5

Free Association

Question 6

: in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Answer 6

Resistance

Question 7

: in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Answer 7

Interpretation

Question 8

: in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

Answer 8

Transference

Question 9

: a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy)

Answer 9

Client-centered therapy

Question 10

: believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies. Unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth, each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth and fulfillment. Rogers believed that a growth-promoting climate required three conditions—genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.

Answer 10

Carl Rodgers

Question 11

: empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.

Answer 11

Active listening

Question 12

​: therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Answer 12

Behavior therapy

Question 13

: a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.

Answer 13

Counter conditioning

Question 14

​: behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people ​(in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.

Answer 14

Exposure therapy

Question 15

: a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Answer 15

Systematic desensitization

Question 16

: an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Answer 16

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 17

: a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

Answer 17

Aversive conditioning

Question 18

: an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.

Answer 18

Token economy

Question 19

: therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Answer 19

Cognitive therapies

Question 20

: a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

Answer 20

Cognitive- behavior therapy

Question 21

: therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.

Answer 21

Family therapy

Question 22

​: the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.

Answer 22

Regression towards the mean

Question 23

​: a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.

Answer 23

Meta-anaylsis

Question 24

​: the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Answer 24

Psychopharmacology

Question 25

: involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors.

Answer 25

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 26

: a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

Answer 26

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 27

: the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

Answer 27

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Question 28

​: surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

Answer 28

Psychosurgery

Question 29

This is the most drastic method that is irreversible and removes or destroys brain tissue. Moniz found that cutting nerves connecting frontal lobes with the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain calmed uncontrollably emotional and violent patients. Went away in 1950s after it's harmful effects became known

Answer 29

Lobotomy