Chp 26 Digestive system and nutrition

Question 1

What is a suspension feeder?

Answer 1

extract and consume food particles that are suspended in water (sea anemones)

Question 2

What is a substrate feeder?

Answer 2

Line in or on their food source (earthworms)

Question 3

What are fluid feeders?

Answer 3

Feed by sucking liquid from a living host (butterflies, mosquitoes)

Question 4

What are bulk feeders?

Answer 4

They ingest large pieces of food

Question 5

What are the four stages of food processing?

Answer 5

ingestion, digestion, absoption, elimination

Question 6

What is the basic gist of chemical digestion? what occurs?

Answer 6

Polymers are broken down into monomers through hydrolyses

Question 7

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 7

A sac found in simpler animals with one opening, both the mouth and the anus

Question 8

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 8

A tube running between 2 opening (mouth to butt)

Question 9

What is the crop?

Answer 9

Pouch that softens and stores food pre-digestion

Question 10

What is a gizzard?

Answer 10

A muscular, thick walled part of a birds stomach designed for grinding up food

Question 11

What are the four main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 11

Motility movement of materials through GI tract by ingestion- chewing-pushing into pharynx by tongue- perstalsis
Secretion (includes exocrine and endochrine secretions
degiestion
absorption

Question 12

What is the difference between endochrine and exochrine reactions?

Answer 12

Endochrine glands secrete their products in the blood (adrenaline)
exochrine secretes its products to the target tissue (digestive enzymes, bicarbonate)

Question 13

Which organ produces Bile?

Answer 13

The liver

Question 14

Where is Bile stored?

Answer 14

gallbladder

Question 15

What does the pancreas empty into small intestine?

Answer 15

Digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution (bicarbonate) to neutralize acid chime

Question 16

What is the purpose of bile?

Answer 16

Emulsifies fat droplets

Question 17

What are the three regions of the small intestine?

Answer 17

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 18

What are some characteristics of the duodenum?

Answer 18

shortest segment of small intestine
begins at pyloric sphincter
mixes contents and secretions from pancreas and liver

Question 19

What is the function of the jejunum

Answer 19

chemical digestion and absorption

Question 20

what is the function of the ileum?

Answer 20

absorption

Question 21

what is the lining of the small intestine made of/ characteristics?

Answer 21

folds, villi and microvilli

lots of surface area to increase nutrient absorption

Question 22

What is lymph?

Answer 22

fatty acids and glycerol recombined into fats and transported into lymph vessels

Question 23

how is blood transported between intestines and liver?

Answer 23

blood travels from intestines to liver via hepatic portal vein

Question 24

How does nutrients get converted into energy once inside the cells?

Answer 24

They are oxidized by cellular respiration to generate energy in the form of atp

Question 25

What are the 4 classes of essential nutrients?

Answer 25

- Esential fatty acids - essential amino aacids - Minerals - Vitamins

Question 26

what 3 elements are carbs made of?

Answer 26

oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon

Question 27

Fibre is a carbohydrate that cannot _____

Answer 27

be digested

Question 28

What are the benefits of fibre?

Answer 28

- normalizes bowel movements - lowers cholesterol - controls blood sugar levels by slowing absorption of sugar

Question 29

what is the Glycemic index?

Answer 29

measures how mast and how far blood sugar levels will rise after eating carbohydrates

Question 30

What is the difference between good and bad cholesterol?

Answer 30

high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol