chp 3

Question 1

5 sources of drugs

Answer 1

• plants
• minerals
• animals
• synthetic
• Dna, Genetic engineered

Question 2

Adsorption

Answer 2

Passage of a substance through a membrane into the blood stream

Question 3

Distribution

Answer 3

Moving from the blood stream into the tissues and fluids of the body

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

Physical and chemical alterations that the substance undergoes in the body

Question 5

Excretion

Answer 5

Eliminating waste products of drug metabolism from the body

Question 6

Selective distribution

Answer 6

an affinity, or altracation, of a drug to a specific organ or cell

Question 7

toxicity

Answer 7

condition that results from exposure to either a poison or a dangerous amount of a drug that is normally safe when given in smaller amounts

Question 8

placebo

Answer 8

an inactive substance that resembles a med., although no drug is present

Question 9

synergism

Answer 9

action of 2 drugs working together

Question 10

potentiation

Answer 10

action of 2 drugs in which one prolongs or multiplies the effect of the other

Question 11

antagonism

Answer 11

opposing action of 2 drugs in which one decreases or cancels out the effect of the other

Question 12

Variables that affect action of drugs

Answer 12

• age
• weight
• gender
• psychological

Question 13

Conditions that alter excretion

Answer 13

Renal damage or kidney failure may prevent passage of drug waste products, thereby causing an accumulation of the drug in the body

Question 14

Conditions that alter metabolism

Answer 14

Hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, a damaged liver, may prevent adequate breakdown of the drug thus causing a buildup of unmetabolized drug

Question 15

Conditions that alter distribution

Answer 15

Poor circulation may prevent the drug from reaching tissues

Question 16

Conditions that alter absorption

Answer 16

Incorrect administration may destroy the drug before it reaches the blood stream or its site of action
ex. giving meds after meals instead of on an empty stomach

Question 17

Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 17

Unintended side effects of drugs

Question 18

Routes of Administration

Answer 18

• external or GI tract: oral, nasogastric tube, gastric tube, rectal
• parenternal (any other route than GI): intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal
• selected based on speed, cost, or safety

Question 19

Lethal dose

Answer 19

dose that causes death

Question 20

Toxic dose

Answer 20

amount of drug that will produce harmful side effects or symptoms of poisoning

Question 21

Local effect

Answer 21

limited to the area of the body where it is administered

Question 22

Systemic effect

Answer 22

reaches wide spread areas of the body

Question 23

Prodrugs

Answer 23

inert drugs that exhibit their pharmacological activity only after biotransformation

Question 24

Placebo effect

Answer 24

relief from pain as a result of suggestion w/o active meds

Question 25

Keep vein open (KVO)

Answer 25

a slow route rate of IV fluid administration to maintain patency of the IV

Question 26

Hypersensitivity

Answer 26

Allergic or excessive response of the immune system to a drug or chemical

Question 27

drug processes

Answer 27

4 biological changes that drugs undergo within the body

Question 28

Drug interactions

Answer 28

Response that may occur when more than one drug is taken | -can be desirable or undesirable

Question 29

Pharmocogenomics

Answer 29

examines how genes may explain a drug's effectiveness and toxicity

Question 30

Dosage

Answer 30

amount of drugs given for a particular therapeutic or desired effect

Question 31

Therapeutic Range

Answer 31

range of drug levels in the blood that will give the desired effect w/o causing serious side effects

Question 32

Cumulative Effect

Answer 32

increased effect of drug demonstrated when repeated doses accumulate in the body

Question 33

Chemoinformatics

Answer 33

applies computer technology, statistics, math to stud molecules (prob most actively pursed source of drugs by major companies)

Question 34

Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 34

severe, possibly fatal, allergic response

Question 35

Dependence

Answer 35

acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological or physical symptoms of withdrawal when discontinued

Question 36

Tolerance

Answer 36

decreased response to drug that develops after repeated drugs are given

Question 37

paradoxical reaction

Answer 37

opposite effect from that which is expected

Question 38

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 38

unique, unusual, and unexpected response to a drug

Question 39

teratogenic effect

Answer 39

maternal drug administration causes development of physical defect in the fetus

Question 40

maintenance dose

Answer 40

dose required to keep the level of a drug in the blood at a steady state to maintain the desired effect

Question 41

Loading dose

Answer 41

initial high does (often max) used to quickly elevate the level of a drug in the blood (often followed by a serious of lower)