Chp 3 - Integumentary Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
The integumentary system consists of ______
A
the skin and its accessory organs: the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
2
Q
homeostasis
A
the stable internal environment of the body
3
Q
adip/o
A
fat
4
Q
adip/o/cele
A
hernia containing fat or fatty tissue
5
Q
lip/o/cyte
A
fat cell
6
Q
steat/itis
A
inflammation of fatty tissue
7
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
8
Q
cutane/ous
A
pertaining to the skin
9
Q
dermat/o/logist
A
physician specializing in treating skin disorders
10
Q
-ous
A
pertaining to
11
Q
hypo/derm/ic
A
under or inserted under the skin
12
Q
hidr/o
A
sweat
13
Q
hidr/aden/itis
A
inflammation of a sweat gland
14
Q
aden
A
gland
15
Q
sudor/esis
A
condition of profuse sweating
16
Q
-esis
A
condition
17
Q
ichthy/o
A
dry, scaly
18
Q
ichthy/osis
A
any of several dermatologic conditions characterized by noninflammatory dryness and scaling of the skin and commonly associated with other abnormalities of lipid metabolism
19
Q
kerat/o
A
horney tissue; hard; cornea
20
Q
kerat/osis
A
any condition of the skin characterized by an overgrowth and thickening of the skin
21
Q
melan/o
A
black
22
Q
melan/oma
A
malignant tumor of melanocytes that commonly begins in a darkly pigmented mole and can metastasize widely
23
Q
myc/o
A
fungus (plural: fungi)
24
Q
dermat/o/myc/osis
A
fungal infection of the skin
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onych/o
nail
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onych/o/malacia
abnormal softening of the skin
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pil/o trich/o
hair
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pil/o/mid/al
growth of hair in a dermoid cyst or in a sinus opening on the skin
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nid
nest
30
A ___________ commonly develops in the sacral region (fourth segment of the lower spinal column) of the skin. The cystic tumor contains elements derived from the ectoderm, such as hair, skin, sebum, or teeth.
pilonidal cyst
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trich/o/pathy
any disease of the hair
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scler/o
hardening sclera (white of the eye)
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scler/o/derma
chronic disease with abnormal hardening of the skin caused by formation of new collagen
34
seb/o
sebum sebaceous
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seb/o/rrhea
increase in the amount and, commonly, an alteration of the quality of the fats secreted by the sebaceous glands
36
squam/o
scale
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squam/ous
covered with scales or scalelike
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xer/o
dry
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xer/o/derma
chronic skin condition characterized by excessive roughness and dryness
40
-oid
resembling
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derm/oid
resembling skin
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-phoresis
carrying transmission
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dia/phoresis
condition of profuse sweating, also called sudoresis and hyperhidrosis
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dermat/o/plasty
surgical repair of the skin
45
-therapy
treatment
46
cry/o
cold
47
cry/o/therapy
treatment using cold as a destructive medium
48
The skin is considered an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
organ
49
The skin is composed of two layers of tissue: the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is visible to the naked eye, and the inner layer, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
epidermis dermis
50
The epidermis forms the protective covering of the body and does not have a ______ or a _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
blood nerve supply It is dependent on the dermis's network of capillaries for nourishment. As oxygen and nutrients flow out of the capillaries in the dermis, they pass through tissue fluid, supplying nourishment ot the deeper layers off the epidermis.
51
Although the epidermis is composed of serveral layers, the ____________ and the ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are of greatest importance.
stratum basal layer The stratum corneum is composed of dead, flat cells. Its thickness is correlated with normal wear of the area it covers. Only the basal layer is composed of living cells. It is where new cells are continuously reproduced.
52
As new cells form in the _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, they move toward the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Eventually, they die and become filled with a hard protein material called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The relatively waterproof characteristic of _____________ prevents body fluids for evaporating and moisture for entering the body.
basal layer stratum corneum keratin keratin
53
These ___________ cells gradually flake away and are replaced in a continuous cycle. The entire process by which a cell forms in the _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, rises to the surface, becomes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and sloughs off takes about ______ month
keratinized basal layer one
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lip/o
fat
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steat/o
fat
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dermat/o derm/o
skin
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sudor/o
sweat
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dia/phor/esis
condition of profuse sweating
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hyper/hidr/osis
condition of profuse sweating
60
The dermis contains the ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, _______ (\_\_\_\_) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and _________ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) gland
hair follicle sebaceous (oil) gland sudoriferous (sweat) gland
61
melan/o/cyte
in the basal layer, specialized cells, called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, produce a black pigment called melanin. Production of melanin increase with exposure to strong UV light.
62
albin/ism
deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair is most likely due to an inherited inability to produce melanin.
63
lip/ectomy lip/o/suction
excision of fat
64
-y
condition or process "-logy"
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scler/osis
abnormal condition of hardening
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scler/o/derma
chronic hardening and thickening of the skin caused by new collagen formation. It is characterized by inflammation that ultimately develops into fibrosis (scarring), then sclerosis (hardening) of tissues.
67
fibrosis
scarring
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system/ic scler/osis
characterized by formation of thickened collagenous fibrous tissue, thickening of the skin, and adhesion to underlying tissues. The disease progresses to involve tissues of the heart, lungs, muscles, genit/o/urin/ary tract and kidneys.
69
kerat/osis
a skin condition characterized by hard, horny tissue.
70
A person with a skin lesion in which there is an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis most likely would be diagnosed with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
kerat/osis
71
kerat/oma
horny tumor also called karat/osis
72
sebaceous
oil-secreating glands of the skin
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sudoriferous
sweat glands
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sebum
oily material secreted by the sebaceous glands. It keeps hair and skin soft and pliable and inhibits growth of bacteria on the skin.
75
glands found in all areas of the body that have hair
sebaceous glands
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comedos
increased activity of sebaceous glands at puberty may block the hair follicle and form blackheads. The medical term for blackheads is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
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pustules
As bacteria feed of the sebum, they release irritating substances that produce inflammation. Large numbers of bacteria produce infection, forming whiteheads. The medical term of whiteheads is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
78
comedos and pustules are the result of hyper secretion of sebum by the __________ (oil) glands
sebaceous
79
sudoriferous
sweat glands that are not associated with hair follicles open to the surface of the skin through pores. These glands are stimulated by temperature increases or emotional stress and produce perspiration that evaporates on the surface of the skin, and provides a cooling effect. Sweat, or perspiration, is produced by the __________ glands.
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hidr/osis
abnormal condition of sweat
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hydro/o
water (not to be confused with hidr/o which means sweat)
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an/hidr/osis
abnormal condition characterized by inadequate perspiration
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myc/osis
abnormal condition caused by fungi
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myc/o/dermat/itis
inflammation of the skin caused by a fungus
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trich/osis
abnormal condition of the hair
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trich/o/myc/osis
abnormal condition of the hair caused by fungus
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pil/o/cyst/ic
derm/oid cyst containing hair
88
Nail Illustration
Each nail is formed in the (1) nail root and is composed of keratin, a hard fibrous protein, which is also the main component of hair. As the nail grows from a (2) matrix of acive cells beneath th e(3) cuticle, it stays attached and slides forward over the epithelial layer called the (4) nail bed. Most of the (5) nail body appears pink because of th eunderlying blood vessels. The (6) lunula is th crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail. It has a whitish appearance because the vascular tissue underneath does not show through.
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albin/o
white
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leuk/o
white
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xanth/o
yellow
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`a
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xanth/oma
yellow tumor
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leuk/o/derma
white skin
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leuk/o/cyte
cell that is white
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xanth/o/cyte
cell that is yellow
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leuk/o/cyt/o/penia
a deficiency in white blood cell production may be a sign of a pathological condition known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
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WBC
abbrv. for white blood cell
99
xanth/omas
High cholesterol levels may cause small yellow tumors called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
100
luek/emia
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a progressive malignant disease of the blood-forming organs. It is characterized by proliferation and development of immature leuk/o/cytes in the blood and bone marrow. ________ is a disease of unrestrained growth of immature white blood cells.
-emia: denoting that a substance is present in the blood, especially in excess.
101
cyan/osis
abnormal condidtion of blue (skin)
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xanth/osis
zan-THO-sis
abnormal condition of yellow (skin)
103
erythr/o/cyt/osis
increase in red blood cells
104
basal cell carcin/oma
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a skin cancer of the basal cell layer (deepest layer) of the epidermis. Metastasis is rare, but local invasion destroys underlying and adjacent tissue. This condidtion occus most commonly on areas of the skin exposed to the sun.
105
squamous cell carcin/oma
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a skin cancer of the squamous cells (top layer) of the epidermis. It is an invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair-skinned white men over age 60. Repeated exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays greatly increases the risk of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
106
sacr/o
flesh
| (connective tissue)
107
Kaposi sarc/oma
\_\_\_\_\_\_ _______ is a malignant skin tumor conmonly associated with patients who are diagnosed with acquired immunodeficieny syndrome (AIDS), is usually fatal. Initially, the tumor appears as a purplish brown lesion.
108
AIDS
acquired immunodeficieny syndrome
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necr/o
death
110
nerco/o/tic
pertaining to death
111
Cellular necro/osis
cells are dead
112
necro/osis
used to denote the death of areas of tissue or bone surrounded by healthy tissue
abnormal conidition of death
113
gangrene
GANG-grēn
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ form of necrosis associated with loss of blood supply. Before healing can take place, the dead matter must be removed.
114
auto-
self
115
auto/grafts
grafts done with tissue transplanted from the patient's own skin are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
116
derm/a/tome
an instrument used to inscise or cut. When there is a need to graft a thin slice of skin, the physician asks for an insturment called an \_\_\_\_\_
117
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
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FH
incision and drainage
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I&D
incision and drainage; irrigation and debridement
120
PE
physical examination; pulmonary embolism; pressure-equalizing tube
121
abrasion
scraping, or rubbing away of a surface, bu friction
122
abscess
localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically, a staphylococcal infection)
123
furuncle
abscess that originates in a hair follicle; also called a boil
124
carbuncle
cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue. Large furuncles with connecting channels to the skin surface form a carbuncle
125
acne
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin, marked by comedos (blackheads), papules, and pustules
126
alopecia
absence or loss of hair, especially of the head, also known as baldness
127
cyst
closed sac or pouch in or under the skin with a definite wall that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material.
The cyst may enlarge as sebum collects and may become infected.
A cyst filled with sebum (fatty material) from a sebaceous gland
128
eczema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
129
hemorrhage
loss of a large amount of blood in a short period, externally or internally
my be arterial, venous, or capillary
130
contusion
hemorrhage of any size under the skin in which the skin is not broken; also known as a bruise
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ecchymosis
ek-i-MO-sis
skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise
It is similar to (and sometimes indistinguishable from) a hematoma, commonly called a bruise, though the terms are not interchangeable in careful usage.[1] Specifically, bruises are caused by trauma whereas ecchymoses, which are the same as the spots of purpura except larger, are not necessarily caused by trauma,[2] often being caused by pathophysiologic cell function.
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petechia
minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot on the skin
a _______ is a smaller version of an ecchymosis
133
hirsutism
HUR-sut-izm
condition characterized by excess growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual place, esp. in women
134
impetigo
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
135
psoriasis
autoimmune disease characterized by itchy red pathces covered with silvery scales
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ seems to be genetically determined and is typically a lifelong condiditon.
136
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
137
skin lesion
area of pathologically altered tissue caused by disease, injury, or a wound due to external factors or internal disease
138
primary skin lesion
skin lesion caused by a disease process.
a _________ lesion is the initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated
139
secondary skin lesion
skin lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or that is caused by external factors, such as infection, scratching, trauma, or the healing process
140
tinea
fungal infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm
141
tinea barbae
ringworm - beard
142
tinea corporis
ringworm - body
143
tinea pedis
ringworm - foot
| (athlete's foot)
144
tinea versicolor
ringworm - skin
145
tinea curris
jock tich
146
ulcer
an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring
lesion or the skin or mucous membranes marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing or damaged tissues
147
pressure ulcer
skin ulceration casued by prolonged pressure, usually in a person who is bedridden; also know as a decubitus ulcer or bedsore
148
urticaria
allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are intensely itchy; also called hives or wheals
149
verruca
ve-ROO-ka
rounded epidermal growths caused by a virus; also called a wart
150
vitiligo
vit-il-l-go
localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches; also called leukoderma
151
excimer laster
aims a high intensity ultraviolet B (UVB) light dose of a very specific wavelength.
AKA exciplex laser
treats mild to moderate psoriasis
152
fulguration
tissue distruction by means of a high-frequency electric current; AKA electrodesiccation
153
Mohs surgery
Procedure in which layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively excised and examined until on cancer-free skin remains
154
allograft
transplation of skin tissue from one person to another; AKA homograft
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synthetic skin graft
transplantation of artiicial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
the recipient's body does not reject the syhthetic skin, and healing skin grows into it as the graft gradually disintegrates
156
xenograft
transplantation (dermis only) from a foreigh donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called a heterograft
a _________ is used as a temporary graft to protect the patient against infection and fluid loss
157
antipruitics
an-ti-proo-RIT-iks
reduce severe itching
158
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
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