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Physics > Chp 4 Unit A > Flashcards

Chp 4 Unit A Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the maximum speed of light in a vacuum?

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

This speed is considered the universal constant for light in a vacuum.

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2
Q

What is the speed of light in air?

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

Light travels at the same speed in air as it does in a vacuum.

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3
Q

What is the speed of light in glass?

A

2 x 10^8 m/s

Light travels slower in glass compared to air.

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4
Q

What is the speed of light in water?

A

2.25 x 10^8 m/s

Light travels slower in water than in air.

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5
Q

How does the speed of light vary in different media?

A

It travels faster in air than in water or glass.

The speed varies based on the optical density of the medium.

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6
Q

What is optical density?

A

A measure of how much light slows down in a medium.

Optical density does not directly relate to the physical density of the medium.

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7
Q

Is kerosene denser or optically denser than water?

A

Optically denser

Kerosene floats on water, indicating it is less dense.

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8
Q

What happens to light when it travels from a less dense medium to a denser medium?

A

It slows down and bends toward the normal

This is a principle of refraction.

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9
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

This law applies when light reflects off surfaces.

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10
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

This occurs due to a change in speed of light.

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11
Q

What are the two laws of refraction?

A
  1. The incident ray, the normal, and the refracted ray lie in one plane.
  2. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant.

These laws govern how light behaves at the boundary of two different media.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Light travels with a constant speed in a _______.

A

transparent homogeneous medium.

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13
Q

True or False: Air is optically denser than water.

A

False

Air is optically rarer than water.

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14
Q

What characterizes a polished surface in relation to light?

A

It reflects light effectively.

Polished surfaces are often used in mirrors.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: If light speeds up, the second medium is said to be optically _______.

A

rarer.

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16
Q

What is the relationship between the incident ray, normal, and reflected ray?

A

They lie in one plane.

This is fundamental in understanding reflection.

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17
Q

What is the maximum speed of light in a vacuum?

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

This speed is considered the universal constant for light in a vacuum.

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18
Q

What is the speed of light in air?

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

Light travels at the same speed in air as it does in a vacuum.

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19
Q

What is the speed of light in glass?

A

2 x 10^8 m/s

Light travels slower in glass compared to air.

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20
Q

What is the speed of light in water?

A

2.25 x 10^8 m/s

Light travels slower in water than in air.

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21
Q

How does the speed of light vary in different media?

A

It travels faster in air than in water or glass.

The speed varies based on the optical density of the medium.

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22
Q

What is optical density?

A

A measure of how much light slows down in a medium.

Optical density does not directly relate to the physical density of the medium.

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23
Q

Is kerosene denser or optically denser than water?

A

Optically denser

Kerosene floats on water, indicating it is less dense.

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24
Q

What happens to light when it travels from a less dense medium to a denser medium?

A

It slows down.

This is a principle of refraction.

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25
What is the law of reflection?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. ## Footnote This law applies when light reflects off surfaces.
26
What is refraction?
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. ## Footnote This occurs due to a change in speed of light.
27
What are the two laws of refraction?
1. The incident ray, the normal, and the refracted ray lie in one plane. 2. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant. ## Footnote These laws govern how light behaves at the boundary of two different media.
28
Fill in the blank: Light travels with a constant speed in a _______.
transparent homogeneous medium.
29
True or False: Air is optically denser than water.
False ## Footnote Air is optically rarer than water.
30
What characterizes a polished surface in relation to light?
It reflects light effectively. ## Footnote Polished surfaces are often used in mirrors.
31
Fill in the blank: If light speeds up, the second medium is said to be optically _______.
rarer.
32
What is the relationship between the incident ray, normal, and reflected ray?
They lie in one plane. ## Footnote This is fundamental in understanding reflection.
33
34
What happens to light when it travels from one transparent medium to another?
It undergoes partial reflection and partial refraction.
35
What is the change in the direction of light called when it passes from one medium to another?
Refraction.
36
What is the term for light that is returned to the original medium?
Reflected light.
37
What is the term for light that enters into another medium and travels in a different direction?
Refracted light.
38
What is the angle of incidence in the context of refraction?
The angle which the incident ray makes with the normal.
39
What is the angle of refraction?
The angle which the refracted ray makes with the normal.
40
True or False: The angle of refraction is equal to the angle of incidence.
False.
41
What occurs when a ray of light travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium?
It bends towards the normal.
42
What happens when a ray of light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium?
It bends away from the normal.
43
What is the deviation of a ray of light?
The angle through which the ray turns from its initial path.
44
Fill in the blank: When a ray of light incident normally on the surface separating two media passes _______.
undeviated.
45
What is the deviation of light when the angle of incidence is 0°?
Zero.
46
What causes the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another?
Change in speed of light.
47
What does the term 'normal' refer to in the context of refraction?
A line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.
48
What is the relationship between the intensity of refracted light and incident light?
The intensity of refracted light is less than that of incident light.
49
What are the two laws that govern the behavior of light during refraction?
Snell's Law and the Law of Reflection.
50
What happens to the speed of light when it enters a denser medium?
It decreases.
51
What happens to the speed of light when it enters a rarer medium?
It increases.
52
What is the cause of refraction?
Change in direction of light due to change in speed when passing from one medium to another ## Footnote Refraction occurs when light travels between media with different optical densities.
53
What happens to light when it slows down while passing into a denser medium?
It bends towards the normal ## Footnote The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.
54
What occurs when light speeds up while passing into a rarer medium?
It bends away from the normal ## Footnote A rarer medium has a lower optical density compared to a denser medium.
55
Under what condition does light pass undeviated between two media?
When the speed of light remains the same ## Footnote This occurs at normal incidence (Zi = 0).
56
What is the unit of the refractive index?
No unit, as it is a ratio of two similar quantities ## Footnote The refractive index is dimensionless.
57
What are Snell's Laws of Refraction?
1. The incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in the same plane 2. sin(i)/sin(r) = constant (refractive index) ## Footnote Snell's laws were formulated by Willebrod Snell, a Dutch scientist.
58
What does the refractive index represent?
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence in the first medium to the sine of the angle of refraction in the second medium ## Footnote The symbol for refractive index is μ (mew).
59
What happens to the speed of light when it is refracted from a rarer to a denser medium?
The speed of light decreases ## Footnote This decrease in speed results in the bending of light towards the normal.
60
What happens to the speed of light when it is refracted from a denser to a rarer medium?
The speed of light increases ## Footnote This increase in speed results in the bending of light away from the normal.
61
Does the frequency of light change upon refraction?
No, the frequency remains unchanged ## Footnote Frequency is determined by the source of light.
62
What changes in light during refraction?
Wavelength changes ## Footnote The speed of light and wavelength are inversely related when frequency is constant.
63
What is the relationship between speed of light (V), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ)?
V = f × λ ## Footnote This equation shows the interdependence of these three properties.
64
How does the wavelength change when light passes from a rarer to a denser medium?
Wavelength decreases ## Footnote This occurs because the speed of light decreases in a denser medium.
65
How does the wavelength change when light passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium?
Wavelength increases ## Footnote This occurs because the speed of light increases in a rarer medium.
66
What is the speed of light in vacuum?
299,792,458 m/s ## Footnote This speed is denoted by the symbol c, and is considered the maximum speed of light.
67
Is the speed of light in air the same as in vacuum?
Nearly the same ## Footnote For practical purposes, the speed of light in air is often treated as equal to that in vacuum.
68
What is the absolute refractive index of a medium?
The refractive index defined with respect to vacuum ## Footnote It indicates how much the speed of light is reduced in that medium compared to vacuum.
69
Why is the refractive index in a transparent medium always greater than 1? (Transparent medium= air, vacuum)
The refractive index of a transparent medium is always greater than 1 that is it cannot be less than 1 because speed of light in any medium is always less than that in vacuum .
70
The refractive index of a diamond is 2.41. It means that...
It means that light travels in air 2.41 times faster than and diamond or speed of light in diamond is 1/2.41 Times the speed of light in air
71
1mew2. How is it said?
It will be said as the refractive index of medium 2 with the respect to medium 1
72
Refractive index of glass with respect to water is
1.125
73
If the refractive indices of medium and medium 2 are the same?
The speed of light will be the same in both media, so a ray of light will pass from medium to medium 2 without any change in its path even when the angle of incidence in medium 1 is not zero.
74
What are the 2 conditions for a light ray to pass undeviated on refraction?
1) when the angle of incidence is zero 2) when the refractive index of medium 2 is same as that of medium 1
75
Three factors affecting R.I?
1) Nature of the medium on basis of speed of light 2) temp 3) colour or wavelength of light
76
Relationship between wavelength in two media?
R.I = lambda/lambda' Thus, lambda= lambda'/R.I
77
Define lateral displacement
the perpendicular distance between the path of the emergent ray and the direction of the incident ray is called the lateral displacement.
78
Factors of lateral displacement?
1) The thickness of the block (OR MEDIUM) - directly proportional 2) angle of incidence- directly proportional 3) R.I of the medium and the wavelength used- R.I is directly proportional to lateral displacement. R.I is inversely proportional to wavelenth. Hence, lateral displacement is inversely proportional to wavelength.

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