chp 8 carbo

Question 1

fructose 1-6 biphosphate is turned on by ?

Answer 1

citrate

Question 2

fructose 1-6 biphosphate is turned off by ?

Answer 2

AMP, F-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 3

Pyruvate carboxylase is turned on by ?

Answer 3

Acetyl-CoA

Question 4

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) tuned on by ?

Answer 4

AMP, F-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 5

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) turned off by ?

Answer 5

ATP, Citrate

Question 6

Pyruvate kinase turned on by ?

Answer 6

F-1,6-BP

Question 7

Pyruvate kinase turned off by ?

Answer 7

ATP, Acetyl-CoA, cAMP

Question 8

wt does glucagon do
?

Answer 8

• helps the liver make glucose
• turns off glycolyisis enzymes
  -turns on gluconeogensis enzymes

Question 9

wt does insulin do ?

Answer 9

-stops glucose production
-pushes glucose into cells
-turns on glycolysis enzymes

Question 10

wt does the cortisol do ?

Answer 10

boosts glucose production over time

Question 11

wts a cortisol ?

Answer 11

stress hormone

Question 12

⚖️ What decides if your body does glycolysis or gluconeogenesis?

Answer 12

🍞 After eating = Insulin wins → use glucose (glycolysis)

🥩 After fasting = Glucagon wins → make glucose (gluconeogenesis)

🧨 High AMP = no energy → do glycolysis

🔋 Low AMP = lots of energy → do gluconeogenesis

Question 13

PPP has another name

Answer 13

Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP shunt)

Question 14

PPP helps make glucose where

Answer 14

dark (not during sunlight).

Question 15

Red blood cells and liver cells (hepatocytes) = use PPP a lot because they need a lot of ?

Answer 15

NADPH

Question 16

do we need NADPH in making fats

Answer 16

yes , thats why adipose and liver cells love ppp

Question 17

do muscle cells make fat ?

Answer 17

dont make fat So they don’t need NADPH much
→ So PPP is not active there

Question 18

Activates it (we need NADPH to reduce it) who ?

Answer 18

GSSG (oxidized glutathione)

Question 19

NADPH is needed for:

Answer 19

Making fats (lipogenesis)

Making cholesterol

Defending against oxidative stress

Question 20

G6PD is inhibited by

Answer 20

NADPH

Question 21

G6PD✅ Stimulated by

Answer 21

oxidized glutathione (GSSG)

Question 22

Fructose is found in ?

Answer 22

fruit
honey
sweets and soda

Question 23

wt is glycpgen ?

Answer 23

storage form of glucose when blood glucose is high ur body stores glucose as glycogen mainly in the liver and muscle

Question 24

wt does glycogensis do ?

Answer 24

makes glucose

Question 25

glycogenolysis function

Answer 25

breaks glycogen

Question 26

when does glycogenesis takes place ?

Answer 26

after meals when glucose is high

Question 27

who adds phosphate

Answer 27

protein kinases

Question 28

who removes phosphate ?

Answer 28

phosphatases

Question 29

wt are the two enzymes for glycogen

Answer 29

glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase

Question 30

glycogen phosphorylase works on which bond

Answer 30

a1,4