Chp. 9 Joints

Question 1

Arthrology

Answer 1

study of joints

Question 2

Kinesiology

Answer 2

study of motion of human body

Question 3

Orthopaedics

Answer 3

branch of surgery concerned with disorders of spine, joints, and repair of deformities or injuries

Question 4

Articulation = _____

Answer 4

joints

Question 5

Functions of Joints

Answer 5

1. hold bone together
2. hold bone to cartilage
3. hold bone to tooth
4. allow rigid skeleton degree of flexibility for body movement

Question 6

Joints are classified by _____ and _____

Answer 6

structure, function

Question 7

Structure: ____, _____, _____, _____

Answer 7

fibrous
cartilaginous
bony
synovial

Question 8

functional classification of joints are classified based on __________ at joint

Answer 8

amount of movement

Question 9

3 functional classifications of joints?

Answer 9

1. synarthrosis
2. amphiarthrosis
3. diarthrosis

Question 10

Synarthrosis

Answer 10

immovable, very strong

Question 11

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 11

slightly movable, still strong

Question 12

Diarthrosis

Answer 12

freely movable, very flexible

Question 13

4 types of Synarthroses (no movement)

Answer 13

1. suture
2. gomphosis
3. synchondrosis
4. synostosis

Question 14

Suture: ____
Gomphosis: ____
Synchondrosis: _____
Synostosis: _____

Answer 14

fibrous
fibrous
cartilaginous
bony

Question 15

2 types of Amphiarthrosis (little movement)

Answer 15

syndesmoses

symphysis

Question 16

type of Diarthrosis (free movement)

Answer 16

all synovial joints

Question 17

3 components of synovial joints?

Answer 17

1. articular cartilage
2. joint capsule
3. synovial fluid

Question 18

synovial joints contain _____

Answer 18

synovial fluid

Question 19

Synovial Fluid has consistency of _______ and contains ______

Answer 19

egg yolk, proteoglycans

Question 20

5 accessory structures of synovial joints?

Answer 20

1. cartilage/fat pads
2. menisci
3. ligaments
4. tendons
5. bursae

Question 21

5 accessory structures of complex synovial joints?

Answer 21

1. bursa
2. fat pad
3. meniscus
4. extra capsular ligament
5. intracapsular ligament

Question 22

Articular Cartilage:

Answer 22

cover articulating surfaces, separated by synovial fluid

Question 23

Meniscus:

Answer 23

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

Question 24

Fat Pads:

Answer 24

adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane, protect articular cartilages

Question 25

Ligaments:

Answer 25

Support and strengthen joint

Question 26

Sprain:

Answer 26

ligament with torn collagen fibers

Question 27

Tendons:

Answer 27

attach to muscles around joint, may limit range motion provide mechanical support

Question 28

Bursae:

Answer 28

small pockets synovial fluid, cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues

Question 29

what are synovial joints categorized by? (2 things)

Answer 29

1. amount movement allowed | 2. shape of articulating surfaces

Question 30

6 types of Synovial Joints?

Answer 30

1. Plane/Gliding 2. Hinge 3. Condylar/Ellipsoidal 4. Saddle 5. Pivot 6. Ball and Socket

Question 31

Plane/Gliding: | eg:

Answer 31

- surface flat or slightly curved | - inter carpal and inter tarsal joints

Question 32

Hinge: eg:

Answer 32

- rounded process of one bone fits into concave surface of another bone - elbow, knee

Question 33

Condylar/Ellipsoidal: | eg:

Answer 33

- oval condyle fits into oval depression | - wrist

Question 34

Saddle: eg:

Answer 34

- surfaces are saddle shaped | - thumb, metacarpal

Question 35

Pivot: eg:

Answer 35

rounded surface of one bone joints shallow depression or foramen in another bone -atlas and axis

Question 36

Ball and Socket: | eg:

Answer 36

- ball shaped head fits into deep depression | - shoulder and hip

Question 37

Arthroscopy:

Answer 37

visual examination of interior of joint with an arthroscope

Question 38

Arthroplasty:

Answer 38

joint replacement surgery

Question 39

Arthroscopic Surgery:

Answer 39

eg. knee arthroscopy

Question 40

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

Answer 40

ACL

Question 41

Sprain:

Answer 41

forcible twisting of joint that stretches or tears its ligaments, doesn't dislocate bones

Question 42

Strain:

Answer 42

stretched or partially torn muscle

Question 43

Dislocation:

Answer 43

displacement of bone from joint with resulting tearing of ligaments, tendons and articular capsules

Question 44

Subluxation:

Answer 44

incomplete dislocation

Question 45

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Answer 45

autoimmune disorder in which immune system attacks cartilage and synovial membranes

Question 46

Osteoarthritis: | _____ cartilage degenerates and new bone is deposited on exposed ends of bones forming ____

Answer 46

- degenerative joint disease which joint cartilage gradually lost - articular, spurs

Question 47

Gout: ____ accumulate in soft tissues such as ___, ____, and ____ can be _____ dependent

Answer 47

excessive build up of uric acid in blood salt, kidneys, cartilage, joints temperature

Question 48

Bursitis: | patellar bursitis = "______"

Answer 48

- inflammation of bursa | - patellar bursitis

Question 49

Bunion:

Answer 49

type of bursitis and ossification on toe

Question 50

Adhesions:

Answer 50

fibrous bands between bone surface

Question 51

Spurs:

Answer 51

excess bone tissue along joint edges