chp 9 questions

Question 1

Consider the outflow locations of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems from the CNS. Which of the following scenarios is true?

Answer 1

Injuries to cranial nerve nuclei in at the pontomedullary junction may cause dry mouth and difficulty producing tears.

Question 2

Which set of effects would be seen with increased activity of the autonomic division displayed?

Answer 2

Salivation, bronchoconstriction, urethral sphincter relaxation

Question 3

Which of the following drugs would have an effect on the division of the nervous system displayed?

Answer 3

atenolol

Question 4

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine into the presynaptic axon terminals. Which of the following is correct?

Answer 4

The result is increased postsynaptic activity

Question 5

What is meant by a sympathomimetic

Answer 5

a drug that promotes sympathetic effects

Question 6

Propranolol at one time was a common drug in the treatment of hypertension. Why is this?

Answer 6

its ability to prevent sympathetic activity

Question 7

Treatment for asthma used to include inhaled epinephrine, but the desired bronchodilation was accompanied by what undesired additional effect?

Answer 7

increased beta-1 receptor activity

Question 8

Atropine is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic ACh receptors. What does this mean?

multiple choice 5

Answer 8

any existing Ach signal is diminished

Question 9

What would increase the frequency of action potentials at the postsynaptic membrane?

multiple choice 2

Answer 9

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition (nerve gas)

Question 10

transmission across a synapse (which drug would have an effect at this location)

Answer 10

nicotine

Question 11

What was necessary in order to have acetylcholine release into the synaptic cleft?

Answer 11

an action potential in the presynaptic membrane

Question 12

All of the following locations could be demonstrated in the animation except ________.

Answer 12

Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

What would occur if the ACh receptors are increased in number across the postsynaptic membrane?

Answer 13

Enhanced sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane Correct

Question 14

What hypothetical drug would decrease the likelihood of reaching threshold if all other factors were to be held constant?

Answer 14

Drug A: An Ach inhibitor

Question 15

The higher brain center responsible for regulating cardiopulmonary and reproductive systems through autonomic control is the __________.

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

Question 16

Which of the following organs receives dual innervation of the ANS?

Answer 16

heart

Question 17

Which of the following neurotransmitters must be present in a pharmaceutical drug intended to increase blood flow to a particular organ?

Answer 17

nitric oxide

Question 18

Which of the following identifies an agonist and antagonist pair?

Answer 18

curare and acetylcholine
atropine and acetylcholine
propanolol and norepinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following is responsible for cholinergic transmission?

Answer 19

acetylcholine

Question 20

Which of the following are considered to be catecholamines?

Answer 20

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

Question 21

All preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter __________, while most postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system release__________.

Answer 21

acetylcholine; norepinephrine

Question 22

Which of the following describes how parasympathetic responses differ from sympathetic responses?

Answer 22

Parasympathetic responses would not be dominant in an emergency situation.

Question 24

The cranial nerve responsible for the majority of visceral innervation is the __________ nerve.

Answer 24

vagus

Question 25

The most abundant hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes into the blood upon neural stimulation is

Answer 25

epinephrine

Question 26

Which of the following types of muscle tissue can contract in the absence of stimulation by a postganglionic neuron?

Answer 26

both cardiac smooth muscle are correct

Question 27

If autonomic motor neurons are severed, which of the following would occur?

Answer 27

denervation hypersensitivity

Question 28

Which of the following types of muscle tissue can contract in the absence of stimulation by a postganglionic neuron?

Answer 28

both cardiac and smooth muscle are correct

Question 29

The axons that extend from the autonomic ganglion to the effector organs are called __________.

Answer 29

postganglionic

Question 30

The two major categories of motor neurons include __________.

Answer 30

somatic and autonomic

Question 31

The ability for the sympathetic nervous system to activate many effector organs simultaneously is due to __________.

Answer 31

mass activation

Question 32

Which of the following most accurately describes how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ?

Answer 32

the origin of preganglionic fibers differs between the divisons, the location of the ganglia differs between the divisons, the postganglionic neurons of the divisions release different neurotransmitters

Question 33

atropine will block

Answer 33

ACh muscarinic receptors

Question 34

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Answer 34

secretion of tears

Question 35

Which of the following is true of autonomic innervation of effectors?

Answer 35

ANS stimulation can be excitatory or inhibitory

Question 36

Is gastroparesis a sympathetic or parasympathetic abnormality

Answer 36

parasympathetic

Question 37

Is the orthostatic hypotension considered an abnormaility in the sympathetic or parasympathetic response?

Answer 37

sympathetic

Question 38

What type of receptors does norepinephrine bind to?

Answer 38

adrenergic

Question 39

What causes the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles?

Answer 39

influx of calcium ions

Question 40

What causes ligand-gated sodium channels to open on the postsynaptic membrane?

Answer 40

Acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the channel

Question 41

What would occur if the ACh receptors are damaged or destroyed?

Answer 41

The effector will not respond without getting a stimulus, ACh will have nothing to bind to, A new action potential will not be generated on the postsynaptic membrane