Chp8 Cell Reproduction

Question 1

4 stages of Mitosis

Answer 1

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, TeloPhase (PMAT)

Pro means first. Meta means together. One of the definitions for ana is “divided into equal quantities.” Telo means last.

Question 2

Stages of Meiosis

Answer 2

Runs through phases twice. PMAT 1, PMAT 2

Question 3

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 3

46 chromosomes in 23 homologous pairs

Question 4

Cytokinesis

Answer 4

After mitosis when the cytoplasm splits to form two separate daughter cells.

Question 5

prometaphase

Answer 5

Attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochores is one of the events of prometaphase.

Question 6

Gametes

Answer 6

Egg (ovum) or sperm cells

Question 7

Somatic cells

Answer 7

All cells in the body except the gametes

Question 8

What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male?

Answer 8

44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome

Question 9

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called

Answer 9

autosomes

Question 10

metaphase I

Answer 10

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 11

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis

Answer 11

produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

Question 12

Which of the following is not a function of mitosis in humans?

Answer 12

production of gametes from diploid cells

Question 13

A biochemist measures the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory. The quantity of DNA in a cell would be found to double

Answer 13

between the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.

Question 14

A chemical that disrupts microfilament formation would interfere with

Answer 14

cleavage

Question 15

Which of these events occurs during anaphase?

Answer 15

Sister chromatids separate.

Question 16

During telophase ______.

Answer 16

the events of prophase are reversed

Question 17

Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT

Answer 17

production of sperm and eggs.

Question 18

What chromosomes belong to a normal human male?

Answer 18

44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome

Question 19

What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?

Answer 19

44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

Question 20

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______.

Answer 20

mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

Question 21

2. What is the difference between chromatin & chromosomes?

Answer 21

Chromatin consists of unraveled condensed DNA.

Chromosome consists of the highest condensed structure of DNA.

Question 22

3. Sister chromatids are held together by ____________

Answer 22

cohesin

Question 23

4. Number of chromosomes in Somatic cells & gamete cells of males and females.

Answer 23

Somatic cells - 46

gametes cells have 23 chromosomes.

Question 24

Cytokinesis Difference in plant & animal cells

Answer 24

Plants form new cell plate between daughter cells for the future cell wall.
Animal cell membrane separates the parent cell into the daughter cell.

Question 25

6. What happens in prophase,

Answer 25

- chromosomes condense and become visible - spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes - nuclear envelope breaks down - nucleolus disappears

Question 26

1. What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 26

chromosome pairs in which one was inherited from the egg and one from the sperm.

Question 27

2. What is a karyotype?

Answer 27

Process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an ogranisms. THe photo of all the chromosomes.

Question 28

5. How is Prophase 1 different from prophase of mitosis?

Answer 28

The sister chromosomes stay together through meiosis, but the homologous chromosomes are separated.

Question 29

7. How many chromosomes are present in a human cell after it goes through interphase? _________.

Answer 29

46 chromosomes

Question 30

9. What are the three mechanisms that contribute to genetic variations?

Answer 30

Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and genetic drift contribute to it as well."

Question 31

. The basic structure of a chromosome including how it is packaged into a chromosomes (DNA -> Chromatin-> chromosomes)

Answer 31

DNA is packaged into chromosomes, coiled around proteins called histones that support it's structure.

Question 32

List the phases of cell cycle

Answer 32

Interphase G1, S, G2 where cell makes copy of its DNA for mitosis. During mitosis, the cell divides into two daughter cells.

Question 33

List the sub phases of Interphase. Also give a short description for each phase.

Answer 33

G1-cell growth S phase- DNA synthesis G2- Cell growth

Question 34

What is Mitosis?

Answer 34

method of cell division in which cell divides and produces identical copies of itself

Question 35

What is Down’s syndrome?

Answer 35

a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome

Question 36

13. How does benign and malignant tumors differ from each other?

Answer 36

Benign- form only in one spot | Malignant tumors - cancerous and can spread to nearby tissue.