Chps. 20, 27 Asepsis & Preventing Infection

Question 1

infection

Answer 1

when microorganisms, capable of producing disease, invade the body

Question 2

6 parts of the chain of infection

Answer 2

1) infectious agents
2) source
3) portal of exit
4) mode of transmission
5) portal of entry
6) susceptible host

Question 3

modes of transmission

Answer 3

• direct contact
• indirect contact
• droplet
• airborne
• vector borne

Question 4

4 determining factors for host susceptibility

Answer 4

1) virulence
2) organism’s ability to survive in host’s environment
3) # of organisms
4) host’s defenses

Question 5

6 infection-causing agents

Answer 5

1) bacteria
2) viruses
3) fungi
4) parasites
5) prions
6) MDROs

Question 6

primary defenses against infection

Answer 6

• intact skin
• mucous membranes
• tears
• GI flora
• urinary flora

Question 7

secondary defenses against infection

Answer 7

• phagocytosis
• complement cascade
• inflammation
• fever

Question 8

tertiary defenses against infection

Answer 8

• humoral immunity
• cell-mediated immunity

Question 9

humoral immunity

Answer 9

B-cell production of antibodies in response to an antigen

Question 10

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 10

direct destruction of infected cells by T cells

Question 11

5 stages of infection

Answer 11

1) incubation - start of infection
2) prodromal - symptoms appear
3) illness - cell proliferation
4) decline - immune response
5) convalescence - wellness returns

Question 12

infections can be classified by…

Answer 12

location and/or duration

Question 13

local infection

Answer 13

occurs in a limited region in the body

Question 14

systemic infection

Answer 14

spread via blood / lymph
affects many regions

Question 15

infection types by duration

Answer 15

acute
chronic
latent

Question 16

risk factors associated with HAIs

Answer 16

• environment
• therapeutic regimen
• pt resistance

Question 17

exogenous vs. endogenous HAIs

Answer 17

exogenous - acquired from HC environment
endogenous - normal flora multiple and cause infection as a result of treatment

Question 18

medical asepsis (clean technique) measures taken to…

Answer 18

control and reduce the number of pathogens present

Question 19

surgical asepsis (sterile technique) measures taken to…

Answer 19

prevent the introduction or spread of pathogens from environment into the pt

Question 20

antiseptic

Answer 20

chemical used on living objects

Question 21

bactericidal

Answer 21

chemical that kills all forms of microorganisms, but NOT spores

Question 22

bacteriostatic

Answer 22

agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does NOT kill all forms of organisms

Question 23

sterilization

Answer 23

complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Question 24

2 tiers of isolation precautions

Answer 24

standard
transmission-based

Question 25

standard precautions

Answer 25

used for all pts to protect personnel against blood and body fluid transmission of potential infective organisms

Question 26

transmission-based precautions

Answer 26

used to protect against the spread of highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens in pts with documented or suspected infection