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Building Construction Ifsta > Chpt 10 > Flashcards

Chpt 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Because concrete is noncombustible, it is widely used in

A

Fire resistive construction

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2
Q

In almost all structural applications concrete is reinforced with

A

Steel

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3
Q

Is produced from Portland cement coarse and fine aggregates, and water

A

Concrete

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4
Q

Concrete must be ____ in order to reach its proper strength

A

Cured

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5
Q

Hardening or concrete involves a chemical process known as

A

Hydration

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6
Q

In hydration , water combines with particles of cement to form a microscopic gel. As the concrete hardens, this gel gives off heat, which is known as the

A

Heat of hydration

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7
Q

In addition to maintaining proper moisture, concrete that is curing must be maintained at the correct temperature, ideally between

A

50-70f

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8
Q

Theoretically, properly cured concrete continues to harden indefinitely at a gradual rate, however, normal design strength is reached after

A

28 days

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9
Q

Different types of concrete can be produced for specific purposes. This is accomplished by varying the ingredients or adding chemicals to the concrete mixture, these are generally known as

A

Admixtures

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10
Q

Like masonry, concrete is strong in compression but weaker in

A

Tension

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11
Q

Because concrete is weak in tension, it cannot be used where tensile forces occur in a structure. To resist tensile forces, concrete is reinforced with ______ placed within the concrete before it hardens

A

Steel reinforcing bars

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12
Q

With_____, steel bars are placed in the formwork and the wet concrete is placed in the formwork around the bars

A

Ordinary reinforcing

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13
Q

The vertical reinforcing of bars are known as _____ and are provided to resist the diagonal tension

A

Stir ups

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14
Q

Although the primary function of placing reinforcing steel concrete is to resist tensile forces, the steel can also be used to support some of the

A

Compressive forces

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15
Q

In ____ a compressive load is induced in the concrete before the load is applied

A

Prestressing

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16
Q

In_____ concrete, steel strands are stretched between anchors producing a tensile force in the steel

A

Pretensioned concrete

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17
Q

When concrete is ______, the reinforcing steel is not tensioned until after the concrete has hardened

A

Posttensioned

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18
Q

As a general rule, reinforcing steel should not be cut in the course of fire fighting operations unless it is necessary to

A

Rescue trapped victims

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19
Q

Concrete can be either

A

Cast in place or precast

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20
Q

Is placed into forms at the building site as a wet mass and hardens in forms

A

Cast in place concrete

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21
Q

Is placed in forms and cured at a precasting plant away from the job site.

A

Precast concrete

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22
Q

Permits the designer to cast the concrete in a wide variety of shapes

A

Cast in place concrete

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23
Q

This type of concrete does not develop its designed strength until after it has been placed in the location where it will be used

A

Cast in place concrete

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24
Q

Most ____ is proportioned at central bulk plants and then mixed in a mixing truck enroute to the job site

A

Cast in place concrete

25
Q

The quality of concrete is of significance to firefighters. Concrete that is of poor structural quality will behave poorly under fire conditions by

A

Spalling and even breaking apart

26
Q

The single most important factor in determining the ultimate strength of concrete is the

A

Water to cement ratio

27
Q

If too much water has been used in the mix, the final product will not achieve its desired strength. The presence of excess moisture in the concrete also produces _____ in the concrete due to freezing conditions or the heat of fire

A

Spalling

28
Q

When the concrete arrives at the job site, it’s quality is checked by administering a test known as a

A

Slump test

29
Q

Another method of testing concrete is to make small test cylinders of a concrete batch and subject them to

A

Compression testing

30
Q

The following are common cast in place structural systems

A

Flat slab
Slab and beam
Waffle construction

31
Q

The _____ is a simple system that consists of a concrete slab supported by concrete columns.

A

Flat slab concrete frame

32
Q

The slab of concrete varies in thickness from 6 to 12 inches

A

Flat slab concrete frame

33
Q

In a building that will have heavy live loads, the area around the columns is reinforced with additional concrete in the form of

A

Drop panels or mushroom capitals

34
Q

If the building will support light loads, this additional reinforcing is not necessary. The system then is known as a

A

Flat plate

35
Q

A _____ consists of a concrete slab supported by concrete beams

A

Slab and beam frame

36
Q

This framing system is extremely light weight and is best suited for buildings with light floor loads

A

Slab and beam frame

37
Q

Slabs in this type of construction can sometimes be as thin as 2 inches

A

Slab and beam

38
Q

Due to the thin slab, the concrete beams must be closely spaced in order to provide adequate support. This spacing often gives an appearance similar to wood joists and is sometimes referred to as

A

Concrete joist construction

39
Q

When the concrete beams run mainly in one direction, the framing is known as a

A

One way reinforced slab

40
Q

Slab and beam concrete framing can also feature concrete beams running in two directions. Such a system is known as a

A

Two way slab construction

41
Q

The pattern results from the placement of square forms over which the wet concrete is placed.

A

Waffle construction

42
Q

derives it’s name from the waffle like pattern of the bottom of the concrete slab

A

Waffle construction

43
Q

May be produced at a precasting plant some distance from the work site

A

Precast concrete

44
Q

A major disadvantage to using _____ is the need to transport the finished components to the job site

A

Precast concrete

45
Q

Can be built using whole precast modular units but it is more common to assemble precast parts into a framework for a building

A

Precast concrete buildings

46
Q

Precast concrete structures have more in common with steel framed buildings than with

A

Cast in place concrete buildings

47
Q

A common form of construction used with precast concrete is known as

A

Tilt up construction

48
Q

When precast beams are to be supported by columns, the beams may be supported by ____ cast into the column.

A

Corbels

49
Q

A____, also known as a bracket, is a ledge that projects from the column and supports the beam.

A

Corbel

50
Q

Concrete is a fundamentally _____ that performs well under fire conditions

A

Fire resistive material

51
Q

Prestressed concrete systems may be somewhat more vulnerable to ____ than ordinary reinforced construction

A

Failure

52
Q

The fire resistance of concrete assembly is affected by such variables as the following

A 
Concrete density 
Concrete thickness
Concrete quality 
Load supported by the concrete 
Depth of concrete cover over the reinforcing bars
53
Q

Cast in place concrete buildings have an advantage over precast buildings because the continuity of the assembly provides an inherent restraint to movement of the intersecting members such as columns and beams

A

This results in a fundamentally greater structural rigidity of cast in place buildings

54
Q

When openings exist in concrete slabs or walls, the ability of the concrete to act as a barrier is lost unless the opening is protected by an appropriately rated assembly such as a

A

Fire door or shutter

55
Q

Of concrete is caused primarily by the expansion of the excess moisture within the concrete when it is either heated or when it freezes

A

Spalling

56
Q

Newer concrete that is not completely cured is subject to more severe ____ when exposed to fire

A

Spalling

57
Q

Because concrete has a relatively good insulating properties, it tends to retain the heat of an expose the fire and release it slowly, similar to the manner in which a masonry oven releases heat. This general effect is referred to as the

A

Heat sink effect

58
Q

Concrete is a noncombustible building material that is strong in compression but weak in

A

Tension

59
Q

Have greater inherent rigidity than precast structures

A

Cast in place

Building Construction Ifsta (11 decks)

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