Chpt. 2 Vocab

Question 1

the basic unit of matter

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

dissolving substance in a solution

Answer 2

solvent

Question 3

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 3

cohesion

Question 4

compound that prevents sharp sudden changes in pH

Answer 4

buffer

Question 5

small chemical unit that makes up polymer

Answer 5

monomer

Question 6

molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Answer 6

polymer

Question 7

compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and, oxygen atoms; types of nutrients that are the major source of energy to the body

Answer 7

carbohydrate

Question 8

macromolcule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and, waxes

Answer 8

lipid

Question 9

subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 9

nucleotide

Question 10

atom that has a positive or negative charge

Answer 10

ion

Question 11

mixture of water and non-dissolved material

Answer 11

suspension

Question 12

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a 7 to 14 is basic

Answer 12

pH scale

Question 13

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Answer 13

nucleic acid

Question 14

types of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Answer 14

covalent bond

Question 15

smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Answer 15

molecule

Question 16

light attraction that devolps between oppositely charged regions nearby molecules

Answer 16

van der waals force

Question 17

material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Answer 17

mixture

Question 18

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Answer 18

hydrogen bond

Question 19

the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

Answer 19

nucleus

Question 20

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Answer 20

solution

Question 21

negatively charged article; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Answer 21

electron

Question 22

macromolecules containing nitrogen ad well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 22

proteins

Question 23

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Answer 23

element

Question 24

compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxly group (-COOH) on the other end

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 25

solute

Question 26

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer 26

chemical reaction

Question 27

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Answer 27

reactant

Question 28

one of several types of single element, which contains the same number of protons different number of neutrons

Answer 28

isotope

Question 29

substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements indefinite proportions

Answer 29

compound

Question 30

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Answer 30

ionic bond

Question 31

biological catalysts, and most enzymes are proteins

Answer 31

enzymes

Question 32

compound that forms hydrogen ion (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less that 7

Answer 32

acid

Question 33

compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; solution with a pH of more than 7

Answer 33

base

Question 34

reactants of enzymes - catalyzed reactants

Answer 34

substrates

Question 35

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Answer 35

adhesion

Question 36

elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

Answer 36

product

Question 37

energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin

Answer 37

activation energy

Question 38

the substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Answer 38

catalyst