Chpt 25 Digestive Anatomy And Psyciology

Question 1

List the digestive organs

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal)

Accessory organs

Question 2

What are the accessory organs

Answer 2

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Aid in chemical and mechanical digestion

Question 3

What are the organs in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 3

Mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Pathway for food

Question 4

6 functions of digestive system

Answer 4

Ingestion

Secretion (of water acids, buffers and enzymes into lumen)

Mixing and propulsion

Digestion (chemical digestion-hydrolysis) (mechanical Digestion churns food)

Absorption (passing into blood or lymph)

Defecation (elimination of feces)

Question 5

4 layers that make up the walls of the organs in the Gi tract

Answer 5

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 6

Mucosa

Answer 6

inner lining

Epithelium protection, secretion, absorption

Lamina propria – connective tissue with blood and
lymphatic vessels and mucosa-associated lymphatic
tissue (MALT)

Muscularis mucosae – thin layer of smooth muscle
making folds to increase surface area

Question 7

Submucosa

Answer 7

Connective tissue binding mucosa to muscularis

Contains many blood and lymphatic vessels

Submucosal plexus

Question 8

Muscularis (externa)

Answer 8

Voluntary skeletal muscle found in mouth, pharynx, upper
2/3 of esophagus, and anal sphincter

Involuntary smooth muscle elsewhere

-Arranged in inner circular fibers and outer longitudinal fibers
-Myenteric plexus between muscle layers

Question 9

Serosa

Answer 9

Outermost covering of organs suspended in
abdominopelvic cavity

Also called visceral peritoneum

Adventitia- Pharynx, esophagus, rectum lacks serosa

Question 10

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Answer 10

branch of PNS

Question 11

Enteric nervous system (ENS) is Intrinsic set of nerves

Answer 11

• “brain of gut”

Neurons extending from esophagus to anus

Question 12

2 plexuses of PNS

Answer 12

Myenteric plexus – GI tract motility

Submucosal plexus – controlling secretions

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

Extrinsic set of nerves

Question 14

Parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 14

increases secretion and
activity by stimulating ENS

Question 15

Sympathetic stimulation

Answer 15

decreases secretions and
activity by inhibiting ENS

Question 16

peritoneum

Answer 16

Largest serous membrane of the body

Question 17

peritoneum divided into

Answer 17

Parietal peritoneum – lines wall of cavity

Visceral peritoneum – covers some organs
Also called serosa

Question 18

space between is called

Answer 18

peritoneal cavity

Question 19

5 major peritoneal folds

Answer 19

Greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, and mesocolon

Weave between viscera binding organs together

Question 20

Lesser omentum

Answer 20

attaches stomach to liver

Question 21

greater omentum

Answer 21

covers small intestines like an apron

Question 22

Mesentery of small intestines holds

Answer 22

many blood vessels

Question 23

Mesocolon anchors

Answer 23

colon to posterior
body wall

Question 24

the mouth is

Answer 24

the oral or buccal cavity

Question 25

Oral or buccal cavity is Formed by

Answer 25

cheeks, hard and sot palates, and tongue

Question 26

Oral cavity proper is a

Answer 26

space that extends from gums and teeth to fauces (opening between oral cavity and oropharynx

Question 27

Salivary glands release

Answer 27

saliva

Question 28

Ordinarily just enough saliva is secreted to keep mouth and pharynx

Answer 28

moist and clean

Question 29

When food enters mouth,

Answer 29

secretion increases to lubricate, dissolve and begin chemical digestion

Question 30

3 pairs of major salivary glands secrete

Answer 30

most of the saliva  Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual Smaller intrinsic glands also in oral tissues

Question 31

Salivary amylase1

Answer 31

breaks down carbohydrates

Question 32

saliva is mostly

Answer 32

water 99.5 0.5% solutes- – ions, dissolved gases, urea, uric acid, mucus, immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme, and  Salivary amylase1

Question 33

Salivation is Controlled by

Answer 33

autonomic nervous system

Question 34

Parasympathetic stimulation promotes

Answer 34

secretion of moderate amount of saliva

Question 35

Sympathetic stimulation

Answer 35

decreases salivation

Question 36

the tongue

Answer 36

is an accessory organ

Question 37

the tongue does what

Answer 37

Maneuvers food for chewing, shapes mass, forces food back for swallowing

Question 38

Lingual glands secrete

Answer 38

lingual lipase2

Question 39

the tongue has papillae,

Answer 39

which is held by the lingual frenulum

Question 40

teeth are an

Answer 40

Accessory digestive organ - mechanical

Question 41

3 major regions of teeth

Answer 41

crown root an neck

Question 42

Mechanical digestion in the mouth

Answer 42

Chewing or mastication Food manipulated by tongue, ground by teeth, and mixed with saliva Forms bolus

Question 43

Chemical digestion in the mouth

Answer 43

Salivary amylase1 secreted by salivary glands

Question 44

Lingual lipase2 secreted by

Answer 44

lingual glands of tongue acts on triglycerides

Question 45

Nasopharynx

Answer 45

Functions only in respiration

Question 46

Oropharynx

Answer 46

Digestive and respiratory functions

Question 47

Laryngopharynx

Answer 47

Digestive and respiratory functions

Question 48

Esophagus

Answer 48

mucous, transports food – no enzymes no absorpton

Question 49

2 sphincters are

Answer 49

upper esophageal sphincter (UES) regulates movement into esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) regulates movement into stomach

Question 50

deglutition

Answer 50

Act of swallowing, swallowing center-medulla oblongata  Facilitated by secretions of saliva and mucus

Question 51

deglutition involves

Answer 51

mouth, pharynx, and esophagus

Question 52

3 stages of deglutition

Answer 52

Oral / Voluntary – bolus passed to oropharynx Pharyngeal – involuntary passage through pharynx into esophagus Esophageal – involuntary passage through esophagus to stomach Peristalsis pushes bolus forward

Question 53

the stomach serves as

Answer 53

mixing chamber (mechanical) and holding reservoir

Question 54

4 main regions of stomach

Answer 54

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 55

3 types of exocrine gland cells produce

Answer 55

gastric juice -mucous neck cells -parietal cells (intrinsic factor and HCl) -chief cells (pepsinogen3 and gastric lipase4) -G cell – endocrine cell – secretes gastrin

Question 56

Mechanical digestion in stomach

Answer 56

Mixing waves – gentle, rippling peristaltic movements – creates chyme

Question 57

Chemical digestion in stomach

Answer 57

Digestion by salivary amylase continues until inactivated by acidic gastric juice

Question 58

Pancreatic juice secreted

Answer 58

into pancreatic duct and accessory duct and to small intestine

Question 59

99% of cells are

Answer 59

acini (exocrine)

Question 60

1% of cells are

Answer 60

pancreatic islets (endocrine)

Question 61

pancreatic juice produces

Answer 61

200-1500ml daily

Question 62

the liver is

Answer 62

heaviest gland on body

Question 63

Hepatocytes secrete

Answer 63

500-1000mL of bile daily

Question 64

small intestine parts

Answer 64

3 regions – duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 65

large intestine function

Answer 65

complete absorption, produce certain vitamins, and form and expel feces

Question 66

4 main regions of large intestine

Answer 66

Cecum colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid Rectum with anal canal

Question 67

function of liver

Answer 67

to make and secrete bile and to process and purify the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients that are coming from the small intestine