chpt, 31

Question 1

LASER acynom

Answer 1

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Question 2

uniform in wavelegnth and frequency

Answer 2

coherent ligth

Question 3

what is a laser that causes delayed cellular death?

Answer 3

latent thermal damange

Question 4

a laser that causes cellular damage or death wider than actual path of the laser

Answer 4

collateral thermal damage

Question 5

a type of laser beam produced from a gas medium

Answer 5

CO2 laser

Question 6

type of laser bean that transmits through a quartz fiber

Answer 6

diode laser

Question 7

lasers are divided into how many classes?

Answer 7

into four different classes in which most laser beams are a class 4

Question 8

what is an MPE level?

Answer 8

maximum permissible exposure level

Question 9

What are 3 types of stapling devices?

Answer 9

Ligate-divide-separate (LDS)
Thoracoabdominal (TA)
Gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA)

Question 10

device that sllows from ligation (closing off) of vessels with pressure and energy

Answer 10

Vascular Sealing Devices

Question 11

What are the 2 uses of vascular sealing devices?

Answer 11

Open surgical techniques (laparotomy and thoracotomy)
Minimally invasive

Question 12

Basic operative pack for ophthalmic procedures

Answer 12

specialized scapel (#7), fine scissors, thumb forceps, needle holders, retractors (chalazion and graffe), and lacrimal duct cannulas

Question 13

what is the most commonly used periosteal elevator used in small animal orthopedics?

Answer 13

freer elevator

Question 14

Total hip prosthesis

Answer 14

1) Addresses severe arthritis
2) Long stem placed inside proximal femur
3) Ball replaces femoral head
4) Cup replaces acetabulum

Question 15

Device that helps remove osteochondral fragments and osteochondritic lesions

Answer 15

Arthroscope

Question 16

most commonly used arthroscope for canine arthroscopy

Answer 16

30-dedree angled lens

Question 17

During an ancillary arthroscopic procedure, the sharp trocar and sleeve are used to what?

Answer 17

Penetrate the joint capsule

Question 18

An ancillary arthroscopic instrument that replaces the trocar and penetrates the synovial membrane then replaced by arthroscope?

Answer 18

Blunt obturator

Question 19

arthroscopic fluid delivery is given in what delivery methods?

Answer 19

Gas (CO2) or sterile fluid

Question 20

What are the 2 types of arthroscopic fluid deliveries?

Answer 20

Pressurized bag system
Automated pump system

Question 21

used to probe cartilage and subchondral bone in the joint

Answer 21

blunt probe

Question 22

cut the attachments of an osteochondral fragment

Answer 22

rongeurs

Question 23

cut or breakdown attatchments of an osteochondral fragment and elevate it

Answer 23

elevators and osteotomes

Question 24

debride a defect in the cartilage or bone after a removal or lesion

Answer 24

curettes

Question 25

Motorized arthroplasty system

Answer 25

Motorized burrs

Question 26

used to prevent damage to surrounding articular cartilage and remove defects left

Answer 26

motorized burs

Question 27

allow for hemostasis of blood vessels and cutting out damaged soft tissue within a joint

Answer 27

Radiofrequency arthroscopic probes

Question 28

surgical tool used to examine the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Answer 28

laparscopy

Question 29

Where should we access the abdominal cavities in equine and canines?

Answer 29

Paralumbar fossa (equine) Ventral abdomen (canine/equine)

Question 30

gas that is used to distend the abdomen during a laparoscopic procedure

Answer 30

CO2

Question 31

Penetrate subcutaneous tissue and peritoneal lining

Answer 31

Sharp trocar and cannula

Question 32

Replaces sharp trocar

Answer 32

Blunt trocar

Question 33

Automatically maintains abdominal distention

Answer 33

Insufflator, CO2

Question 34

What is the best way to pack instruments?

Answer 34

1) Commonly used instruments most accessible 2) Infrequently used instruments wrapped 3) Items always in same location

Question 35

Instrument care

Answer 35

1) Delicate instruments handled separately 2) Disassemble multi-component instruments 3) After surgery, all used instruments should immediately be rinsed using cold, distilled, or deionized water

Question 36

most surgical equipment is made of what?

Answer 36

satin-finished stainless steel

Question 37

Instruments should be inspected then washed in what?

Answer 37

warm h20 and neutral pH instrument detergent

Question 38

what is the main rule for ultrasonic cleaners?

Answer 38

Only instruments of similar material

Question 39

After care of instruments

Answer 39

1) Rinse with deionized water then air dry 2) Lubricate instruments with hinges or box locks 3) Inspect before repacking

Question 40

What should you look for when inspecting instruments before repacking?

Answer 40

frozen hinges, improper jaw alignment, or broken parts

Question 41

Drapes and Gowns are either these 2 types of material

Answer 41

paper- disposable cloth- repeated use

Question 42

what type of method is used when folding gowns?

Answer 42

accordion fold

Question 43

what is an exogenous source of contamination?

Answer 43

air, surgical instruments and supplies, patients skin, and surgical team

Question 44

what is an endogenious source of contamination?

Answer 44

from within the patients such as bacteria from the oral cavity (gingivitis) or skin (dermatitis)

Question 45

What factor influences wound contamination and subsequent infection?

Answer 45

the length of time the patient is under anesthesia

Question 46

risk of infection does what after every hour the patient is under anesthesia?

Answer 46

doubles

Question 47

Typically an elective surgery in a non-contaminated, non-traumatic and non-inflamed surgical site

Answer 47

clean surgery

Question 48

surgery involves the respiratory, GI or genitourinary system, ie often a hollow organ

Answer 48

clean-contaminated

Question 49

Similar surgeries, but with leakage or a major break in aseptic technique

Answer 49

contaminated

Question 50

debridement (removal) of a cutaneous abscess

Answer 50

dirty surgery

Question 51

What are types of physical sterilization?

Answer 51

Filtration Radiation Heat Autoclave

Question 52

most commonly used in pharmaceuticals and uses a filter to separate material from liquid or gases

Answer 52

filtration

Question 53

destroys microorganisms without causing significant temp. elevations (gloves, suture materials)

Answer 53

radiation

Question 54

sterilize materials that cannot tolerate moisture but can withstand high temps

Answer 54

dry heat

Question 55

sterilization by boiling water or stream under pressure, ex.autoclaves

Answer 55

moist heat

Question 56

most autoclaves in veterinary practices are

Answer 56

gravity displacement

Question 57

Proper pack preparation

Answer 57

1) All materials thoroughly cleaned 2) Complex instruments disassembled 3) Labeled with handler, date of sterilization, contents 4) Indicator strip

Question 58

Proper loading of autoclave

Answer 58

1) 2.5 to 7.5 cm of space around pack 2) pyramid style

Question 59

temps and times of autoclaves

Answer 59

minimum standard- 121*C (250*F) for 20 min prefered- 121*C (250*F) for 30-45 min

Question 60

Flash sterilization

Answer 60

3 min at 131*C (370*F)

Question 61

Four types of sterilization indicators

Answer 61

autoclave tape, melting pellet glass, culture tests, and chemical sterilization indicators

Question 62

useful for identifying packs and articles that have been exposed to steam

Answer 62

autoclave tape

Question 63

indicates temp of approximately 118*C (244*F) has been reached

Answer 63

melting peller glass indicator

Question 64

contain controlled-count spore population of particular strains of bacterium

Answer 64

culture tests

Question 65

Penetrates paper and plastic packaging

Answer 65

ethylene oxide

Question 66

Eposure time of ethylene oxide

Answer 66

12 hours at room temperature

Question 67

quarantine time of ethylene oxide

Answer 67

well-ventilated area for 7 days 12 to 18 hours in aerator