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Z RPE P1 > Christian Beliefs > Flashcards

Christian Beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

What do Christians believe about god?

A
  • There is only one God: “We believe in one God”
  • God is the creator and sustainer of all that exists
  • God works throughout history and inspires people to do God’s will
  • People can have a relationship with God though prayer
  • God is spirit - neither male nor female, but has qualities of both
  • God is holy (special purpose and worthy of worship
  • Jesus is God’s son - representation of God on earth
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2
Q

What are the three characteristics that Christians believe God has?

A
  • Omnibenevolent
  • Ominpotent
  • Just
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3
Q

Define omnibenevolent

A
  • This means all loving. God is the source of goodness and love in the world.​
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4
Q

What does it mean for God to be omnibenevolent?

A
  • God uses his power to do good
  • God shows his love by creating humans and caring for them
  • God showed his love by sending God’s Onto earth
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5
Q

State a teaching which supports God as omnibenevolent

A
  • John 3:16 – “God so loved the world that He gave His only son” – Jesus was sacrificed so that the world could be saved.
  • This is an example of agape, or selfless love, that Christians might follow in their own lives.​

​

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6
Q

State a parable which supports God as omnibenevolent

A
  • The Parable of the Prodigal Son – Jesus tells the story of a spoiled son who leaves home and spends all his inheritance. * His father welcomes him home and forgives him, even though he doesn’t deserve it.
  • This is an allegory for God’s loving and forgiving nature. ​
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7
Q

How does God being omnibenevolent influence Christians?

A
  • Christians will try to love each other in their daily lives by treating everyone with care and respect (the Golden Rule).
  • Christians believe that God’s greatest act of love was sending God’s son, Jesus, to earth.
  • Christians will ‘love their enemies’ to demonstrate agape – a self-giving love.
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8
Q

Define omnipotent

A
  • This means all powerful. Nothing is impossible for God. ​
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9
Q

What does it mean for God to be omnipotent?

A
  • God is the Supreme Being who is all-powerful
  • God has unlimited authority
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10
Q

What is used as evidence for God’s omnipotence?

A
  • The created universe is evidence of God’s omnipotence – only a powerful God could do that.​
  • Miracles are also evidence of omnipotence e.g. St. Bernadette at Lourdes​
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11
Q

State a teaching which supports God as omnipotent

A
  • Genesis 1.1 ‘In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.’ ​
  • “Nothing is impossible God”
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12
Q

How does God being omnipotent influence Christians?

A
  • The belief that God is all powerful might lead Christians to believe in miracles, such as miraculous healing.
  • As a result they may pray for God to help people who are sick or dying. ​
  • The belief that God is loving might lead Christians to follow his example and treat others according to agape love. ​
  • Christians will demonstrate resilience and determination when faced with a problem.
  • Christians believe that they should follow God’s commandments as he has a plan for everyone.
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13
Q

Why do some people find it difficult that God is all loving?

A
  • Some people find it difficult to believe that God is all loving and all powerful as there is so much suffering in the world (Problem of Evil)​
    ​
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14
Q

Define just

A
  • This means ‘fair’ (think ‘justice’), God does not discriminate, and expects his followers to treat people fairly as well. ​
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15
Q

What might Christians argue about suffering?

A
  • Christians like John Hick might argue that suffering seems unfair, but there is an unexplained purpose to it.
  • Christians need to accept what they don’t understand and trust God. ​
    ​
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16
Q

What does it mean for God to be just?

A
  • God is a just judge of humankind
  • God will never support injustice, ill-treatment, prejudice or oppression
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17
Q

Why might atheists argue that God is not just?

A
  • Atheists might argue that God is not just, because people suffer when they don’t deserve it.
  • Steven Fry used the example of insects that burrow from the eyes of children and make them blind.
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18
Q

What is the Decalogue?

A
  • The Decalogue, or 10 commandments, were rules given by God to Moses to ensure that people lived a good and fair life ​
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19
Q

What does the Parable of the Sheep and Goats teach us?

A
  • The Parable of the Sheep and Goats teaches that all people will be judged on how they have lived, and the good will be rewarded, and the wicked will be punished.
  • People who suffer in this life will not always suffer. ​
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20
Q

What did the prophet Amos teach about justice?

A
  • The prophet Amos taught ‘let justice roll on like a river’ – this suggests that Christians should encourage justice in the world, and work towards making it a fairer place e.g. charity work. ​
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21
Q

How might the belief that God is just influence Christians?

A
  • The belief that God is just means that Christians believe that God will judge them fairly based on how they have lived their lives.
  • They know that they will be punished for their bad deeds, and also rewarded for their good deeds​
  • The belief that God is just, and that God is loving, might mean that Christians volunteer for charitable organisations to help those who are less fortunate.
  • This is a way of practicing agape, and also creating a fairer society. ​
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22
Q

What is the Trinity?

A
  • The Trinity is a way of understanding the complex nature of God –
  • God is a Trinity of three ‘persons’ or aspects​

​
​

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23
Q

State the three aspects of God (Trinity)

A
  • The creator and sustainer of the universe (God the Father)​
  • The saviour, who lived, died, and lived again (God the Son)​
  • The source of strength that Christians find at work in their hearts (God the holy spirit)​
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24
Q

Describe God the Son in the Trinity

A
  • Became incarnate through Jesus who was both fully human while on earth and full God at all times
  • Called this to show his special relationship with God the Father
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25
Q

Describe God the Father in the Trinity

A
  • The creator of all life, acts as a good father towards his children
  • He is all omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient, omnipresent
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26
Q

Describe God the Holy Spirit in the Trinity

A
  • Unseen power of God at work in the world who influences, guide and sustains life on earth
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27
Q

How does the belief in the Trinity influence Christians?

A
  • The trinity demonstrates unity between the different persons of God.
  • Similarly, Christians believe they should show similar unity in their lives, and be respectful and loving towards others​
  • Belief in the Trinity influences worship – prayers, church services, and hymns contain references to it. ​
    ​
    ​
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28
Q

What are some arguments against the Trinity?

A
  • Some Christians believe the Trinity does not make sense and that there is only one God – eg. Unitarians​
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29
Q

State teachings which supports ideas about the Trinity

A
  • Apostles Creed (said in churches) ‘I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit’​
    ​* During the baptism of Jesus, a voice from Heaven states ‘You are my beloved Son’. At the same time, the author describes the Holy Spirit descending ‘like a dove’. ​
    ​
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30
Q

State some Christian teachings about suffering and evil

A
  • Adam and Eve – Genesis 3​
  • The story of Job - it’s a test, it’s part of God’s plan​
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31
Q

What are the problems of evil and suffering?

A
  • If God is omnibenevolent, why does he allow people to suffer and hurt others?
  • If God is omnipotent, why does he not prevent evil and suffering?
  • If God is just, why does he allow injustice to take place?
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32
Q

Define theodicies

A
  • Justifications of God in the face of evil)
    ​
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33
Q

What did St. Irenaus believe about suffering (theodicies)?

A
  • St. Irenaeus believed that suffering was a form of education for the soul.
  • It helps us grow spiritually.​
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34
Q

What did St. Agustine believe about suffering (theodicies)?

A

​* St. Augustine believed suffering was a consequence of free will.
* Suffering occurs because humans make bad choices. God made the world perfect in Genesis 1.
* Evil is not a thing in itself but a ‘privation of the good’ like blindness is a lack of sight.​
​

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35
Q

How did Schleiermarcher challenge Augustine’s idea about suffering?

A
  • Schleiermacher challenges Augustine through the biological, moral and logical errors.​
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36
Q

Define moral & natural evil

A
  • Moral evil - suffering inflicted by people on each other
  • Natural Evil - suffering in the world caused by things like natural evil
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37
Q

What are Christians responses to the problem of evil and suffering?

A
  • punishment for wrong doing
  • test of faith in god
  • form of education for our souls
  • needed for balance
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38
Q

How does the idea of suffering influence Christians?

A
  • If it’s an opportunity to develop and grow spiritually, then they may take that opportunity to help others. ​
  • If suffering is a test of faith then Christians will be more likely to pray for support and guidance​
    ​
39
Q

What did the Genesis state about creation?

A
  • Genesis, in the Old Testament of the Bible - 6 days, and rested on the 7th. ​
40
Q

What do fundamentalists believe about the story of Creation?

A
  • Believe literally true:
  • Bible is word of God; God is omnipotent​
41
Q

What do liberalists believe about the story of Creation?

A
  • Non-literally true – ‘ioms’ 6 periods of time, fit with evolution​
  • Symbolic only – tells us truths about God
  • e.g. he is creator, universe is ordered and has a purpose.
42
Q

What do Christians believe humans should do for the world?

A
  • Humans have a responsibility to care for the world God created. (stewardship)​
43
Q

Why is the creation story important / what is the main message?

A
  • God is the sole and omnipotent Creator.
  • God created a universe that was ordered not chaotic / it was not created by chance (therefore
    human lives have meaning and purpose).
  • Humans are made in God’s image, therefore we should remember that all human life has potential and we should treat everyone how we would wish to be treated.
  • Humans have been given authority (dominion) over the rest of the created world, therefore they have a responsibility to treat everyone equally and to show all created beings, human and non-human, love and respect. This idea is known as stewardship.
44
Q

State some teachings which support that God created the world

A
  • The Trinity and creation:​
  • John’s Gospel – “In the beginning, there was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God…through Him all things have been made”. ​
  • In Genesis, it states ‘the earth was formless…and the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters’. ​
  • “in the beginning was the word, and the word was with God, and the word was God” - Christian believes that the Son of God (Word of God) was involved in creation
45
Q

What are some arguments against the idea that God created the world?

A
  • Scientific evidence – Big Bang – red shift, CMBR, fossils​
  • Bible – not the word of God?​
  • Genesis similar to other creation myths​
  • ‘God of the gaps’​
46
Q

How does the idea that God created the Earth influence Christians?

A
  • All human life is valuable, which has an impact on moral issues ​
  • Responsibility to care for the world, promoting environmental issues such as recycling or green energy. ​
  • Because the world is made according to God’s structure and order.
  • This can reassure Christians when things go wrong.​
47
Q

Describe the Christian belief about the afterlife

A
  • They will be resurrected and receive eternal life after they die
  • This is a gift from God and dependent on faith in God
  • They will be judged by God at some point after they die and either be rewarded (sent to heaven) or punished (sent to hell)
  • Judgement will either happen soon after death or on the Day of Judgment
48
Q

Describe what happens after God’s judgement

A
  • Christians believe they will either experience eternal happiness in the present of god (heaven) or be unable to experience his presence (hell)
  • Knowledge of these states is limited and linked to imagery from the past
49
Q

State a teaching which supports the belief in the afterlife

A
  • “He will come to judge the living and the dead”
  • “I believe in… the resurrection of the body and the life everlasting”
50
Q

What are the two types of judgement Catholics believe in?

A
  • The particular judgement (immediate)​
  • The final judgement occurs with the Second Coming of Jesus.​ (Purgatory​)
    ​
51
Q

Describe Christian beliefs about Heaven

A
  • Heaven - peace and reward, not physical?​
  • Either physical place or spiritual state of joy and freedom - chance to be with loved ones
  • Traditional images of heaven often show God on a throne with Jesus next to o him and angels all around him
52
Q

What are the different views for who is allowed in heaven (according to Christians)?

A
  • Only Christians
  • Christians and other religious people who have pleased God by living good lives
  • Baptised Christians, regardless of how they have lived their lives
  • However, many Christians believe heaven is a reward for both with and actions
53
Q

Define purgatory

A
  • intermediate state where souls are cleansed in order the enter heaven
54
Q

Describe Christian beliefs about Hell

A
  • Hell - torment, fire, state of separation from God?
  • Pictured as a place of eternal torment in a fiery pit ruled by Satan
  • Hell could be an mental state of mind of being cut off from the possibility of God
  • Hell would be what awaits someone who did not acknowledged God or follow his teachings during their life
55
Q

What are the issues with the idea about Hell?

A
  • Hell eternal – all loving God?​
  • Did he know humans would sin?​
  • How much power does the devil have?​
56
Q

State teachings which support the idea of judgement (heaven/hell)

A
  • Thief who was crucified alongside Jesus, ‘today you will be with me in paradise’, - immediate/ particular judgement.​
  • The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus warns of a rich man who is sent to Hell, and is unable to cross from there into Heaven – permanent.​
  • The Parable of the Sheep and Goats also states that Jesus will return to judge the living and dead, and that he will decide based on whether people chose to help others during their lives, or ignore people who were suffering. ​ - “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink… I was in prison and you came to visit me”
  • Before Jesus died, he told his disciples he would prepare a place for them in heaven, however important that having faith in him and following teachings was essential - “No one comes to the Father except through me”
57
Q

Describe Christians belief about resurrection

A
  • Christians believe that their body will be resurrected, like Jesus’ was after the crucifixion. * They will be given a new, spiritual body, which does not decay, and will live forever. ​
  • St. Paul ‘if Christ had not been raised, your faith is futile’. ​
58
Q

How does the idea about resurrection influence Christians?

A
  • Resurrection – cremation, if physical​
  • Christian funerals - pray for their entry into Heaven​
  • If believe in Hell - Live good lives out of fear of punishment. ​
59
Q

What is incarnation and what does it refer to?

A
  • Incarnation means ‘in flesh’.​
  • It refers to God becoming human and living on Earth in the form of Jesus​
60
Q

State some quotes which support the incarnation

A
  • “She was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit”
  • “The word became flesh”
61
Q

Describe the events of the incarnation of God

A
  • Angel appeared to Mary and Joseph explaining that it was not an ordinary conception & not to be an ordinary child
  • Gospels of Matthew and Luke explained Mary conceived Jesus without having Sex
  • Virgin conception is evidence for the Christian belief that Jesus was Son of God (Trinity)
62
Q

What do Christians believe about God in terms of incarnation?

A
  • Christians believe God is both fully human, and fully divine.( a.ka. the ‘hypostatic union’.)
  • This makes him different from demigods​
  • Defies logic.
  • However, God is mysterious. ​
63
Q

State some teachings which support God as fully human and fully divine

A
  • The Bible teaches that Jesus’ mother Mary was a virgin, and only God could create life this way. ​
    ​* The Gospel of John refers to ‘the Word became flesh and lived among us’, suggesting that Jesus is God incarnate, not a demigod​
  • The Gospel of Luke tells that Mary became pregnant through the Holy Spirit, therefore Jesus did not have a human father.
  • This is further explained in the Nicene Creed​
  • All Gospels contain teachings about Jesus ability to perform miracles, cast out evil spirits, and forgive sins. ​
64
Q

What are the arguments against God being both fully human and divine?

A
  • Virgin birth?​
  • How do we know about his birth?​
  • How can he be omnipotent and human?​
  • Jesus communicates with God through prayer throughout the Gospels. Why?​
65
Q

How does the idea of incarnation influence Christians?

A
  • Sacrifice - follow this example in their daily lives- agape love. ​
  • Celebrate Christmas is a celebration of the incarnation of Jesus. ​
66
Q

What does Jesus being “fully God and human” mean?

A
  • Jesus was fully God and fully human which helps explains his miracles and resurrection
  • His words, deeds and promises have great authority because they are the word of God
67
Q

Describe Jesus and the idea that he is the Messiah

A
  • Most Jews expected a a Messiah who would come to save Israel and establish an age of peace - don’t believe Jesus was that person
  • Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah - spiritual rather an political
  • Gospel refers to Jesus as the Christ (‘anointed one’ or Messiah) - but Jesus warned his disciples not to use the term because blasphemy
68
Q

What is crucifixion and what does it involve?

A
  • Crucifixion is a form of execution used by the Romans.
  • It involved tying or nailing a person to a wooden cross and leaving them to asphyxiate (die from lack of oxygen)​
  • The crucifixion of Jesus is generally accepted as a historic event - 4 Gospels, as well as by the Roman historian Tacitus. ​
  • “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit”
    ​
    ​
69
Q

How does the crucifixion of Jesus influence Christians?

A

*God suffered and died - put the needs of others before their own.
* Many Christians even die to protect others e.g. Martin Luther King, strengthen their belief that God cares for them​
* Salvation and atonement – hope, forgiveness​

70
Q

Describe the importance of Jesus’ crucifixion

A
  • Shows Jesus was God and human – he suffered pain - Jesus’ last words ‘My God, why have you forsaken me?’. ​
  • Helps with acceptance of evil and suffering​ - Christians accept suffering is a part of life
  • Jesus’ sacrifice gives hope that sins will be forgiven​
  • Christians believe that God understands human suffering because Jesus, who is God, experienced it

​
​

71
Q

What happened after Jesus was crucified? (resurrection)

A
  • Women followers find that the tomb is empty.
  • In Marks Gospel, a ‘man in white’ (who could be an angel or Jesus) tells them to return to Galilee.
  • In John’s Gospel, it is the risen Jesus who tells Mary Magdalene about his resurrection, and tells her to tell the disciples what she has seen. ​
  • The stories stress that Jesus has physically resurrected – he is not a ghost, or a zombie. ​
72
Q

State a teaching to support the importance of Jesus’ resurrection

A
  • “And if Christ had not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith”
73
Q

Describe Jesus’ ascension

A
  • Taken into Heaven 40 days after crucifixion​
  • Rises up through the clouds until he is out of sight ​
  • Historical or symbolic? – kingship​
  • Holy Spirit sent to Earth afterwards​
74
Q

State a teaching to support Jesus’ ascension

A
  • “While he was blessing them, he left them and was taken up into heaven
75
Q

How does Jesus’ ascension influence Christians?

A
  • Belief in afterlife​
  • Good over evil​
  • Sins forgiven​
76
Q

Describe the significance of Jesus’ ascension for Christians

A
  • Shows Jesus is with God in heaven
  • Paves the way for God to send the Holy Spirit to provide comfort and guidance
77
Q

Arguments for the belief in Jesus’ resurrection

A
  • There were many eyewitnesses that saw the tomb empty.
  • The story can be found in the Bible.
  • Jesus was the Son of God and could make this
    happen.
  • The tomb was empty. Neither the Jewish leaders nor the Roman government could produce a body
    to silence those who claim to see Jesus alive.
  • There are separate eye witness accounts
    independent from each other.
78
Q

Arguments against the belief in Jesus’ resurrection

A
  • Impossible​
  • Body stolen – Roman guard?​
  • The disciples made up the story to gain prestige, or to create their own religion​
  • Even if not dead, too weak to move stone​
  • Disciples were mostly executed so they would have admitted if lied​
  • Women unreliable witnesses so wouldn’t make up that fact​
  • Jesus did not rise from the dead so the disciples took the body to make it look as if he had.
  • The body was still there but they felt his presence with them.
  • Jesus was not really dead, perhaps the last drink was drugged to make him appear dead.
  • People had hallucinations. They wanted to think he was alive, so they imagined it.
  • The women went to the wrong tomb.
79
Q

What are the different beliefs about resurrection?

A
  • Some believe only the soul is resurrected (not the body​) - just spiritual
  • Catholic and Orthodox Christians believe in a bodily resurrection - both spiritual and physical: physical body lost at death is restored and transformed into a new, spiritual body
  • Some believe it takes places immediately​
  • Others believe it will be on a future day​ when Jesus will return to judge everyone who has ever lived
80
Q

What is the impact of belief in resurrection?

A
  • Means life after death is real
  • inspires Christians to live life in the way God wants them to, so they can remain in his presence in this life and the next
  • Shows Christians how much God loves them
  • Gives hope of a future life with Jesus
  • Gives confidence in the face of death
81
Q

Why is the resurrection important for Christians?

A
  • Christians believe that the resurrection shows the power of good over evil.
  • Christians believe that by accepting Jesus, they can also be resurrected in some way. They
    need not fear death.
  • Jesus’ resurrection assures Christians that God will forgive their sins if they follow the
    teachings of Christianity. By doing so they will become closer to God.
    *For Christians the ascension shows that Jesus is with God.
  • Without the resurrection there would be no Christian faith.
82
Q

Define sin

A
  • Disobedience to God’s laws
  • A thought or action that separates humans from God. ​
83
Q

Describe the origins of sin

A
  • The first human sin is found in the story of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3. ​
  • Christians believe that sin of Adam and Eve passes from generation to generation​
  • Natural disposition people have to perform wrong actions. ​
  • Christian teachings about sin​
    Jesus states ‘the only way to the Father is through me’​
84
Q

Describe Christian beliefs about sin

A
  • All humans commit sin
  • Catholics believe humans are born with an in-built tendency to sin (original sin)
85
Q

Describe Christian beliefs about free will regarding sin

A
  • God gave people free will, but they should use their freedom to make choices God would approve of
  • God provides people with the guidance to make good choices in his law, e.g. Ten Commandments
86
Q

Define salvation

A
  • To be saved from sin and its consequences to be granted internal life
  • Salvation repairs the damage caused by sin
87
Q

What was the role of Christ in Salvation?

A
  • The death of Jesus is key to God’s plan of salvation.
  • It was a planned event that would allow for the forgiveness of original sin. ​
  • Jesus takes on the sins of the world, and pays the debt of sin with his death. ​
  • Jesus’ death is also an act of reconciliation (repairing broken relationships). - the relationship between humans and God was so damaged, only a drastic action like self sacrifice could repair it.
  • Resurrection shows the goodness of Jesus defeated the evil sin - proof that God had accepted Jesus’ sacrifice on behalf of humankind, meaning humans can receive forgiveness for sins
  • Jesus’ death and resurrection made it possible for those who follow him to gain eternal life

​

88
Q

State teachings to support Jesus’ role in salvation

A
  • “God so loved the world, that he gave his one and only Son; that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life” – John 3:16. ​
  • “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord”
89
Q

Describe salvation through works

A
  • Earn their place in Heaven through their own actions​
    Parable of the Prodigal Son, the son does not deserve the forgiveness of his father – he has not earned it - salvation through works is a false idea. ​
  • “In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead”

​

90
Q

Describe salvation through grace

A
  • Given freely by God through faith in Jesus - not dissevered but a gift of God’s love
  • Without God’s grace, humans cannot be truly good, accept into their lives. - St. Paul originally hunted and persecuted Christians.
  • He had a religious experience on the road to Damascus, ‘does not deserve to be called an apostle, but by the grace of God, I am what I am’. ​
  • “For it is by grace you have been saved”
91
Q

Define atonement

A
  • Removes the effect of sin and allows people the restore the relationship with God
92
Q

Describe Christian beliefs about atonement

A
  • Many Christians believe that through the sacrifice of his death, Jesus took the sins of all humanity on himself and paid the debt for them all
  • The sacrifice makes its possible for those who follow his teachings to receive eternal life
93
Q

State a teaching to support the idea of atonement

A
  • “He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also the sins of the whole world”
94
Q

What is the importance of atonement and salvation for Christians today?

A
  • For conservative and fundamentalist Christians, salvation is important because they believe that without salvation from sin, they will never be able to have a proper relationship with God, their sins will never be forgiven and so they will not be able to enter heaven.
  • Atonement is important because the atoning death of God’s Son was the only way to bring salvation to humanity.
  • For liberal Christians, their understanding of the atonement makes it important because it inspires them to live a good Christian
    life, and living the Christian life will bring them salvation.
  • Some 21st Century Christians see that just as Jesus surrendered himself to God’s will, so Christians should offer themselves to the
    service of God, trying to carry out God’s wishes to the best of their ability, for example volunteer with the homeless or give time to work pastorally with older members of the community.

Z RPE P1 (4 decks)

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