Christianity

Question 1

founder

Answer 1

Jesus and Paul

Question 2

Define Christ

Answer 2

the anointed one

Question 3

God

Answer 3

Monothiestic within a trinitarian framework

Question 4

Calendar

Answer 4

widely accepted western calendar (gregorian calendar)

Question 5

Location

Answer 5

started in palestine; then Roman; then China; to Russia; then worldwide

Question 6

primary text

Answer 6

the bible

Question 7

main concept

Answer 7

Eden lost through sin

Question 8

main festivals

Answer 8

easter

Question 9

is their a hierarchy

Answer 9

catholic church, th bishop of Rome

Question 10

main groups

Answer 10

Roman Catholic; Eastern Orthodox; Protestant

Question 11

relation to other religions

Answer 11

a messianic reform movement in first-century Judaism accepting non-Jews

Question 12

Two collection in one, the Hebrew Bible of the Jews and Greek writings

Answer 12

Bible

Question 13

Written by Augustine as the Roma Empire was beiginning to fall to the barbarian tribes

Answer 13

The City of God

Question 14

the massive work of Thomas Aquinas and a high point in medieval scholarship. It has shaped much of Catholic thinking to the present

Answer 14

Summa Theologica

Question 15

Short debating points by Martin Luther primarily regarding abuses in the indulgence system. It sparked the Protestant Reforation

Answer 15

the Ninety-Five Theses

Question 16

A work of John Calvin that provides the bases for the development of much of Protestant theological reflection

Answer 16

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Question 17

The work of Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea. It was written as the Roman Empire shifted toward Christianity and outlines the history of Christianity in its first three hundred years.

Answer 17

Church History

Question 18

Main term for Christian canon, canon, consisting of the Old Testament (the Jewish Bible) and the New Testament.

Answer 18

Bible

Question 19

Collection of early Christian writings of various kinds, consisting of four gospels, thirteen letters attributed to Paul, and a few other documents (mainly letters), largely written in the last fifty years of the first century

Answer 19

new testament

Question 20

the first four books of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John)

Answer 20

Gospels

Question 21

greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, used by Greek-speaking Jews. This was the Bible used by early Christians

Answer 21

Septuagint

Question 22

Jerome’s Latin translation of the Bible. This became the Bible of the Western church until the Protestant Reformation of the 1500’s, when it was challenged by vernacular translations

Answer 22

Vulgate

Question 23

Books in the Vulgate but not in the present Jewish canon. Some are accepted by Catholics and Orthodox; Protestantism rejects them all

Answer 23

Apocrypha

Question 24

More popularly known as the King James Version; a translation of the Bible into English at the high point in English literature (Elizabethan/ Shakespearian times) used widely in the English world until newer translations began to replace it in the twentieth century

Answer 24

Authorized Version

Question 25

Christians under the authority of the bishop of Rome whose roots lie in the Western Roman Empire and whose primary liturgical language is Latin.

Answer 25

Roman Catholic

Question 26

percent of Catholics as Christians

Answer 26

over half percent

Question 27

The counterpart to the Catholics. Their roots lie in the Eastern Roman Empire. Their primary liturgical language was Greek, though soon autonomous national churches developed, featuring their national languages.

Answer 27

Orthodox

Question 28

center of Orthodox

Answer 28

Constantinople/ shifted to Moscow

Question 29

A largely Egyptian schism from the Byzantine church in the 400s, though it had adherents widely in the East. It agrued that Christ had one nature (the divine); this left it open to the charge that Jesus was not really human, but only appeared to be.

Answer 29

Monophysite

Question 30

Also known as the Church of the East. Largest schism from Byzantine church. Started in the 400s; by the 600s it stretched from the Middle East to China

Answer 30

Nestorian

Question 31

A name applied genereally to all non=Catholic Western Christians, whose roots lie in the religious and political protests of the 1500s

Answer 31

Protestants

Question 32

Any Eastern Rite church in communion with the Church of Rome

Answer 32

Uniate

Question 33

Born in Palestine in about 6BCE. The records about him (mainly the Christian Gospels) indicate a brief career as a religious reformer, healer, and exorcist. Executed around 30 CE.

Answer 33

Jesus

Question 34

Originally an opponent of the new Christian movement, he became a leading member and an advocate for allowing non-Jews to join. Many of his letters are preserved in the New Testament

Answer 34

Paul

Question 35

called the first Christian emperor, he proclaimed religious toleration and promoted the church with resources of the state

Answer 35

Constantine

Question 36

The leading theologian, writer, and bishop of the 400s. His views have shaped much of Christianity to the present in both the Catholic and Protestant traditions. He emphasized predestination and original sin.

Answer 36

Augustine

Question 37

Pope from 590 to 640. He is associated with major innovations in the liturgy of the church (Gregorian chant). He defended the primacy of the bishopric of Rome

Answer 37

Gregory the Great

Question 38

The leading scholar of Scholasticism, he did much to synthesize the developing beliefs of the Western (Roman Catholic) church

Answer 38

Thomas Aquinas

Question 39

A controversial German monk who opposed the secular tendencies of the Renaissance popes and their money-raising schemes. These concerns helped to spark the Protestant Reformation, the major schism in the Western church

Answer 39

Martin Luther

Question 40

First group of the Protestant Reformation, led by Martin Luther. It became the state church in most areas of northern and central Germany and in all of Scandinavia

Answer 40

Lutheran

Question 41

Founded by Huldrych Zwingli and later led by John Calvin; emphasized predestination and a presbyterian form of church governance; became the state church in the Netherlands, Scotland, and in areas of Switzerland.

Answer 41

Reformed

Question 42

Mennonites, Hutterites, and Amish; also called the Radical Reformation because of its rejection of church-state ties, its pacifism, and its requirement of adult baptism

Answer 42

anabaptist

Question 43

The Church of England, formed as a result of King Henry VIII's break from the authority of the pope

Answer 43

Anglican

Question 44

A movement emphasizing personal piety and social action; founded by two Anglican priests: John Wesley and his brother Charles.

Answer 44

Methodist

Question 45

A diverse Protestant movement that started in England with Anabaptist and Puritan influences; largest protestant group in the United States; emphasizes adult baptism rather than the more common practice of infant baptism

Answer 45

Baptist

Question 46

The most recent and largest Protestant group. It emphasizes baptism in the Holy Spirit, faith healing, and the second coming of Jesus

Answer 46

Pentecostal

Question 47

A small town about five miles about five miles south of Jerusalem and the traditional birthplace of Jesus. An Old Testament prophecy states that a ruler of Israel will come from that town

Answer 47

Bethlehem

Question 48

All of Palestine, first described as the Holy Land by Christians.

Answer 48

The Holy Land

Question 49

From 1927, a self governing monastic territory on a thirty- by sixty-mile peninsula in northeastern Greece. For centuries it has been the traditional center of Eastern monasticism. According to tradition, no female (human or animal) may enter the territory.

Answer 49

Mount Athos

Question 50

A city-state and smallest country in the world, the residence of the bishop of Rome and the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It was formally established in 1929, after the Italian independence movement of the 1800s seized most of the papal lands from the church.

Answer 50

Vatican City

Question 51

This church in Constantinople was built by Emperor Constantine and rebuilt by Emperor Justinian. It was once the largest domed building in the world

Answer 51

Hagia Sophia

Question 52

Built during the renaissance; it stands as the primary church of Western Christendom

Answer 52

St. Peter's Basilica

Question 53

used to recall the death of Jesus by crucifixion

Answer 53

cross

Question 54

A monogram formed by two Greek capital letters, super imposed one on the other. The letters are the first two letters in the Greek word for Christ. This sign came to be associated with Constantine, the first Christian emperor, and with the imperial church

Answer 54

Chi-Rho

Question 55

An old abbreviation for the Greek transliteration of the name Jesus, from the first three Greek letters of that name. Some have attempted to find an abbreviation for three Latin words behind the letters: either a short form for "in this sign" or for "Jesus, Savior of Men."

Answer 55

IHS

Question 56

Abbreviation of Latin words for "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews," from the Latin inscription on the cross according to tradition.

Answer 56

iNRI

Question 57

A symbol frequently used to represent the Holy Spirit in Christian iconography

Answer 57

Dove

Question 58

An early symbol of Jesus, often associated with the Eucharist. The symbolism may have come about from the Greek word for fish, ichtus. The letters of this word serves as an acrostic for "Jesus-Christ-God's-Son-Savior."

Answer 58

Fish

Question 59

A symbol of Jesus. Christians view the death of Jesus as a final sacrifice for sin

Answer 59

Lamb

Question 60

The image of a shepherd carrying a lamb, appropriated by Christians as a symbol of Jesus

Answer 60

The Good Shepherd

Question 61

The earliest leader of the Christian church, sometimes identified with the twelve disciples of Jesus. The office died out after the first generation, and the new office of bishop took its place in the second century

Answer 61

Apostle

Question 62

In various areas of Christianity by the early second century, a person by the title of bishop was the chief officer over the churches in a city.

Answer 62

bishop

Question 63

Directly beneath the bishop were the presbyters, who served the small multiple congregations that made up the corporate church of the city. They later are known as priests

Answer 63

Presbyter

Question 64

The last of the ordained clergy, they were assigned tasks that were more administrative, while the tasks of priests were more religious and liturgical. Deacons served the bishops directly. In many areas, their number was restricted to seven.

Answer 64

Deacon

Question 65

A term that came to be used in the WEstern church exclusively for the bishop of Rome from the eleventh century. It is a common term for priest in some of the Eastern churches

Answer 65

Pope

Question 66

The head of national Eastern Orthodox churches. The title has been used since the sixth century.

Answer 66

Patriarch

Question 67

Therite of initiation in the Christian community. Practiced from the first century onward, it underwent various transformations, which have resulted in diverse practices within Christianity. The main modern debates are over candidates and mode

Answer 67

Baptism

Question 68

This rite is known by a number of names (Communion, the Mass, the Lord's Supper, the Table, the Breaking of Bread). It is based on the story of Jesus's "Last Supper" with his disciples on the night prior to his execution

Answer 68

Eucharist

Question 69

The Council of Trent in the 1500s affirmed seven sacraments as essential to the Roman Catholic faith. They are baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick times called extreme unction or last rites, holy orders, and matrimony

Answer 69

the seven Sacraments

Question 70

January 6 the date originally marked the birth of Jesus in the Eastern church. When the Eastern church adopted the Western date of December 25, they kept January 6 for the celebration of Jesus's baptism. The WEst celebrates the visit of the magi on January 6

Answer 70

Epiphany

Question 71

In the West, a forty-day period of fasting or self-denial and penance, beginning on Ash Wednesday. In the East, the period is longer, resulting from how a forty-day fast period is calculated leading up to Easter.

Answer 71

Lent

Question 72

The primary and oldest Christian festival, celebrating the resurrection of Jesus, held in the spring

Answer 72

Easter

Question 73

Also called Whitsunday; a Sunday celebration fifty days after Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples; connected to Jewish Shavuot. It is understood as the start of the world mission of the church

Answer 73

Pentecost

Question 74

Celebration of the birth of Jesus; first celebrated ca. 336 under Constantine. The date was chosen to coincide with the birthday of the "unconquered sun"

Answer 74

Christmas

Question 75

Refers to the structure of the Eastern Orthodox Churches, where each national church has its own head, without one overall authority, as is found in the Western church in the bishop of Rome

Answer 75

Autocephalous

Question 76

Speculation about the end of the world or of human kind; in Christianity, often related to the second coming of Jesus and the final judgment

Answer 76

Eschatology

Question 77

The belief that God took on real human characteristics in Jesus. The specifics of that event are debated by Christians

Answer 77

Incarnation