Christmas Mock SBA

Question 1

What type of transport is Na+/K+ -ATPase an example of?

Answer 1

Primary Active Transport

Question 2

What does a diamond represent on a genetic pedigree chart?

Answer 2

undetermined gender

Question 3

What is consanguinity?

Answer 3

a reproductive union between 2 relatives

Question 4

What is polymorphism?

Answer 4

frequent hereditary at a locus, that typically don’t cause disease but can make you more/less susceptible

Question 5

What is polyploidy?

Answer 5

more than 2 paired homologous sets of chromosomes

Question 6

What protein structure is zinc fingers an example of?

Answer 6

super secondary structure

Question 7

What is the function of topoisomerase?

Answer 7

unwinds the DNA double by relieving the supercoil

Question 8

What is the function of ribonuclease H?

Answer 8

recognises RNA primers and removes them once DNA synthesis has begun

Question 9

what is the function of DNA ligase?

Answer 9

joins Okazaki fragments in a continuous strand of DNA

Question 10

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Answer 10

joins adjacent nucleotides together via a phosphodiester bond in a 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 11

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

Answer 11

phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Question 12

Enolase converts which substrate into phospoenolpyruvate in glycolysis?

Answer 12

2-phosphoglycerate

Question 13

Where does Krebs cycle take place?

Answer 13

matrix of the mitochondria

Question 14

Which enzyme is involved in the production of FADH2 in the Krebs’ cycle?

Answer 14

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 15

In which cell type are you most likely to find a perinuclear hof?

Answer 15

Plasma cell

Question 16

What is the regulatory hormone for platelets?

Answer 16

thrombopoietin

Question 17

What is the regulatory hormone for erythrocytes?

Answer 17

erythropoietin

Question 18

What is the regulatory hormone for granulocyte?

Answer 18

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 19

Which type of cell has a reniform nucleus?

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

Which type of cell has a multi-lobed nuclei?

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

What type of cell have a bi-lobed and lozenge-shaped nucleus?

Answer 21

eosinophils

Question 22

What type of cell has a bi-lobed nucleus?

Answer 22

basophils

Question 23

What artery is the main supply to the atrioventricular node?

Answer 23

posterior interventricular artery

Question 24

In what % of people does the PIA originate from a) the right coronary artery, b) right and left coronary arteries, c) left coronary artery?

Answer 24

a) 70%
b) 20%
c) 10%

Question 25

The maxillary artery arises from which of the aortic arches?

Answer 25

1st aortic arch

Question 26

Is angiotensin II a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Answer 26

vasoconstrictor

Question 27

Is prostacyclin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Answer 27

Vasodilator

Question 28

Is ANP a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Answer 28

vasodilator

Question 29

Is Bradykinin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Answer 29

Vasodilator

Question 30

Is NO a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Answer 30

vasodilator

Question 31

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

Answer 31

ventricular repolarisation

Question 32

What is contained within the dense granules of platelets?

Answer 32

ADP and thromboxane A2

Question 33

What does the bulbs cords develop into?

Answer 33

right atrium

Question 34

What epithelium do bronchioles contain?

Answer 34

ciliated columnar epithelium with a few goblet cells and Clara cells

Question 35

What is the function of the periciliary fluid?

Answer 35

it keeps the mucous at an optimum distance from the epithelium

Question 36

At which level of the thoracic vertebrae does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 36

T4

Question 37

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 37

C4

Question 38

Where does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

Answer 38

L4

Question 39

What is functional plasticity?

Answer 39

the ability of cells to alter their function in order to accommodate for the current needs of a tissue

Question 40

What is the purpose of exhaled nitric oxide test?

Answer 40

indirect measuring of airway inflammation

Question 41

Where can you find central chemoreceptors?

Answer 41

In the brainstem

Question 42

What % of the surface area of an alveoli does a type 1 pneumocyte usually make up?

Answer 42

90%

Question 43

The diaphragm receives motor innervation from which nerve?

Answer 43

phrenic nerve

Question 44

Which cartilage is attached to the vocal cords?

Answer 44

arytenoid

Question 45

At which thoracic vertebral level does the hiatus for the inferior vena cava lie?

Answer 45

T8

Question 46

AT which thoracic level does the hiatus for the oesophagus lie?

Answer 46

T10

Question 47

At which thoracic level does the hiatus for the descending aorta lie?

Answer 47

T12

Question 48

Give an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

Answer 48

Peyer's patches vermiform appendix Waldeyers tonsillar ring

Question 49

What gland has a purely serous secretion?

Answer 49

``` parotid gland (Von Ebners gland - a minor salivary gland also does) ```

Question 50

Does gastrin increase or decrease the strength of gastric peristaltic contractions?

Answer 50

increase

Question 51

Does duodenal distension, decrease in duodenal pH, increase in duodenal osmolarity and high fat concentration in the duodenum increase or decrease the strength pf gastric peristaltic contractions?

Answer 51

decrease

Question 52

Is vitamin B-12 a fat-soluble vitamin?

Answer 52

No, but is absorbed like one when intrinsic factor is bound to it

Question 53

What type of cell is equivalent of a pace-maker cell in the intestines?

Answer 53

Interstitial cells of Cajal

Question 54

What % of fluid is absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 54

80%

Question 55

What type of research study is considered to be the 'golden standard'?

Answer 55

randomised control trial

Question 56

Which is the main hormone stimulating bile secretion?

Answer 56

cholecystokinin