Chromatography

Question 1

considered the gold standard for most testing due to its high sensitivity and specificity

Answer 1

GC coupled with MS

Question 2

used to separate complex mixtures on the basis of different physical interactions between the individual compounds and the stationary phase of the system

Answer 2

Chromatography

Question 3

through which the mobile phase flows

Answer 3

stationary Phase

Question 4

carries the complex mixture

Answer 4

mobile phase

Question 5

holding the stationary phase

Answer 5

column

Question 6

separated components

Answer 6

Eluate

Question 7

Modes of Separation

Answer 7

adsorption
partition
steric exclusion
ion-exchange chromatography

Question 8

known as liquid–solid chromatography

Answer 8

adsorption

Question 9

based on the competition between the sample and the mobile phase for adsorptive sites on the solid stationary phase.

Answer 9

adsorption

Question 10

The molecules that are most soluble in the mobile phase move

Answer 10

fastest

Question 11

The stationary phase can be

Answer 11

acidic polar (silica gel)
basic polar (alumina)
nonpolar (charcoal)

Question 12

T/F:
Liquid–solid chromatography is not widely used in clinical laboratories because of technical problems with the preparation of a stationary phase that has homogeneous distribution of absorption sites.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

referred to as liquid–liquid chromatography

Answer 13

partition

Question 14

based on relative solubility in an organic (nonpolar) solvent and an aqueous (polar) solvent

Answer 14

partition

Question 15

partition (extraction) is performed in

Answer 15

separatory funnel

Question 16

Polar molecules remain in the

Answer 16

aqueous solvent

Question 17

nonpolar molecules are extracted in the

Answer 17

organic solvent

Question 18

Modern partition chromatography uses ______________ that are chemically bonded to the support or high-molecular-weight polymers

Answer 18

pseudolipid stationary phase

Question 19

a liquid–solid chromatography used to separate
solute molecules on the basis of size and shape

Answer 19

steric exclusion

Question 20

enter the pores in the packing and are momentarily trapped

Answer 20

small molecules

Question 21

excluded from the small pores and so move quickly between the particles

Answer 21

large molecules

Question 22

partially restricted from entering the pores

Answer 22

Intermediate-sized molecules

Question 23

hydrophilic beads that formed a gel when soaked in water

Answer 23

dextran
polyacrylamide
agarose

Question 24

method that use hydrophilic beads of crosslinked dextran, polyacrylamide or agarose that formed gel when soaked in water

Answer 24

gel filtration

Question 25

process using hydrophobic gel beads of polystyrene with a nonaqueous mobile phase

Answer 25

gel permeation chromatography

Question 26

solute mixtures are separated by virtue of the magnitude and charge of ionic species

Answer 26

ion-exchange chromatography

Question 27

stationary phase consist of large polymers of substituted benzene, silicates, or cellulose derivatives

Answer 27

resin

Question 28

resin is soluble in water? T/F

Answer 28

false

Question 29

made with exchangeable hydroxyl ions such as the diethylamine functional group

Answer 29

Anion-exchange resins

Question 30

used to remove interfering substances from a solution, to concentrate dilute ion solutions, and to separate mixtures of charged molecules, such as amino acids.

Answer 30

Ion-exchange chromatography

Question 31

thin layer sorbent that is uniformly coated on a glass or plastic plate

Answer 31

alumina silica gel cellulose crosslinked dextran

Question 32

The distance a component migrates, compared with the distance the solvent front moves

Answer 32

retention factor

Question 33

most commonly used as a semiquantitative screening test.

Answer 33

thin layer chromatography

Question 34

used to measure the absorbance of each developed spot

Answer 34

densitometer

Question 35

uses pressure for fast separations, controlled temperature, in-line detectors, and gradient elution techniques.

Answer 35

high-performance liquid chromatography

Question 36

it forces the mobile phase through the column at a much greater velocity

Answer 36

pumps

Question 37

most widely used pump today that is used as a multihead pump with two or more reciprocating pistons.

Answer 37

mechanical reciprocating pump

Question 38

pump used for preoperative purposes

Answer 38

pneumatic pump

Question 39

pump that is no longer commonly used

Answer 39

hydraulic amplifier pump

Question 40

The stationary phase is packed into long stainless steel _____

Answer 40

columns

Question 41

The most common material used for column packing

Answer 41

silica gel

Question 42

The best and most widely used method for sample injector

Answer 42

loop injector

Question 43

it has high reproducibility and are used at high pressures

Answer 43

loop injector

Question 44

monitor the eluate as it leaves the column

Answer 44

detectors

Question 45

used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity

Answer 45

photodiode array

Question 46

used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity

Answer 46

photodiode array

Question 47

common HPLC detector that measures current produced when the analyte of interest is either oxidized or reduced at some fixed potential set between a pair of electrodes

Answer 47

amperometric/ electrochemical detector

Question 48

used to record detector signal versus the time the mobile phase passed through the instrument

Answer 48

recorder

Question 49

used to identify compounds when compared with standard retention times run under identical conditions

Answer 49

retention time

Question 50

proportional to concentration of the compounds that produced the peaks.

Answer 50

peak area