Chromatography

Question 1

Chromatography is a method used to

Answer 1

separate the parts of a mixture

Question 2

Chromatography works based on how each component interacts with what phases?

Answer 2

Stationary & Mobile Phase

Question 3

A solid or a liquid fixed on a solid surface. It stays still inside the instrument.

Answer 3

Stationary Phase

Question 4

A liquid or gas that flows through the stationary phase. It carries the sample mixture along with it.

Answer 4

Mobile Phase

Question 5

As the mixture moves with the mobile phase, each component behaves differently — __________, while others __________.

Answer 5

some stick to the stationary phase more

move faster with the mobile phase

Question 6

The non-moving part. Can be a solid or a liquid that is coated on a solid.

Answer 6

Stationary Phase

Question 7

Stationary Phase stays _________, depending on the type of chromatograph

Answer 7

fixed inside the column or on a flat surface

Question 8

Stationary Phase is responsible for ________ components that interact strongly with it.

Answer 8

holding back

Question 9

Stationary Phase Key Role

Answer 9

Slows down molecules that “like” it

Question 10

The moving part. A liquid or gas that flows over the stationary phase.

Answer 10

Mobile Phase

Question 11

Mobile Phase _______ through the system

Answer 11

carries the sample mixture

Question 12

Components that are more attracted to this phase

Answer 12

move faster

Question 13

Mobile Phase Key Role

Answer 13

Helps carry molecules that “prefer” to move along

Question 14

This difference in movement of the phases causes the components to _______ as they travel.

Answer 14

spread out and separate

Question 15

Separation depends on

Answer 15

Polarity
Molecular Weight
Solubility
Adsorption or Partitioning

Question 16

how much a molecule is attracted to polar or nonpolar substances

Answer 16

Polarity

Question 17

heavier molecules may move slower

Answer 17

Molecular Weight

Question 18

how well a substance dissolves in the mobile phase

Answer 18

Solubility

Question 19

how much the substance “sticks” or distributes between the two phases

Answer 19

Adsorption or Partitioning

Question 20

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Components

Answer 20

Solvent Reservoirs
Degasser
Pump
Injector
Column
Detector
Data System/Integrator
Waste or Fraction Collector

Question 21

Hold mobile phase solvents

Answer 21

Solvent Reservoirs

Question 22

Removes dissolved gases to prevent bubble formation

Answer 22

Degasser

Question 23

Delivers the mobile phase at high pressure through the system

Answer 23

Pump

Question 24

Introduces the sample into the mobile phase stream

Answer 24

Injector

Question 25

Packed with stationary phase (e.g., C18 silica); where separation occurs

Answer 25

Column

Question 26

Identifies and quantifies analytes (e.g., UV-Vis, PDA)

Answer 26

Detector

Question 27

Converts detector signals into chromatograms

Answer 27

Data System/Integrator

Question 28

Collects the eluent

Answer 28

Waste or Fraction Collector

Question 29

Gas Chromatography (GC) Components

Answer 29

Carrier Gas Cylinder Flow Controller Sample Injector Port Oven Capillary Column Detector Data System

Question 30

Usually helium, nitrogen, or hydrogen

Answer 30

Carrier Gas Cylinder

Question 31

Regulates the carrier gas flow

Answer 31

Flow Controller

Question 32

Introduces volatile sample

Answer 32

Sample Injector Port

Question 33

Houses and controls the temperature of the column

Answer 33

Oven

Question 34

Coated with stationary phase

Answer 34

Capillary Column