Chronic Bronchitis And Emphysema

Question 1

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 1

Characterized by excessive secretion of bronchial mucus and is manifested by productive cop for three months or more in at least two consecutive years

Question 2

Emphysema

Answer 2

Abnormal, permanent enlargement of the alveoli

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis

Answer 3

Intermittent mild to moderate dyspnea
Instead of symptoms after age 35 
Copious  sputum production (purulent) 
Body habitus stocky obese
Chest diameter normal
Percussion normal
Hyper inflation on chest x-ray
Hematocrit increased

Question 4

Signs and symptoms of emphysema

Answer 4

Progressive, constant dyspnea
Onset of symptoms after age 50
Mild sputum, clear
Body habitist thin, wasted
Chest diameter increased
Percussion hyper resonate
Hematocrit normal
Total lung capacity increased

Question 5

Lab and diagnostics for COPD

Answer 5

Low flattened diaphragm on chest x-ray
FEV1 and all other measurements of expiratory airflow reduced
Total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume may be increased

Question 6

Outpatient management of COPD

Answer 6

Discontinuation of smoking
Avoiding irritants or allergens
Postural drainage may clear excess secretions
Inhaled ipratropium bromide or sympathomimetics: mainstay of therapy
Inhaled tile troopian bromaid (spiriva) promote bronco dilation

Question 7

Inpatient management of COPD

Answer 7

Oxygen at one to 2 L via nasal cannula or 24–28% Venti mask