chronic disease Flashcards
(39 cards)
what is chronic disease
Slow progression
little change over time
Long duration
no cure
what is acute disease
Rapid onset
severe symptoms
short course
cure
what are chronic conditions
non-infectious
congenital
genetic/inherited
sex chromosomes
other (no link to sex chromosomes)
metabolic
degenerative
what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
related disease of the lungs
You can have one without the other but not the other way around
80-90% of all cases result from smoking
how many people does COPD affect
affects 3 million Canadians
%10 of the total population
1.5 million don’t know they have it
what is emphysema
chronic disease which affects the ability of the patients lungs to exchange gasses
damages and destroys lung tissue
air becomes trapped in the lungs
can be from chronic infection/irritation of the branchial tubes
what is the progression of emphysema
comes on gradually
likely experience several bad colds each winter
cough persists between colds & becomes chronic
shortness of breath on exertion in morning or evening (or both)
short walk may bring on an attack
interference with the passage of blood through the small blood vessels of the lungs
what are the treatments for emphysema
STOP SMOKING
bronchial dilating medications
antibiotics
oxygen therapy
Regular exercise
respiratory rehabilitation program
what is chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the airways in your lungs that leaves them irritated
Irritation leads to increased production of mucus
Mucus blocks the airway
result = coughing, spitting, work hard to breathe
what is the treatment for chronic bronchitis
STOP SMOKING
antibiotics for acute chest infections
Vaccination for influenza
Avoid exercise dust and fumes
Exercise
what is popcorn lung also known as
bronchiolitis obliterans
obliterative bronchiolitis
constrictive bronchiolitis
what is popcorn lung
a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs (bronchioles) due to inflammation and subsequent healing process that causes a build-up of scar tissue
Thick scar tissue can block the bronchioles air from passing through the body
over time = respiratory failure
a relatively uncommon (….but that’s starting to change) chronic disease that worsens over time
what is popcorn lung caused by
inhaled chemicals, lung infection, autoimmune disease or rejection of a transplanted lung
where was popcorn lung discovered
First discovered in workers at a microwave popcorn plant who had inhaled the butter flavouring chemical diacetyl
what are the symptoms for popcorn lung
Shortness of breath
wheezing
coughing not caused by a cold or asthma, with or without mucus
Fatigue, fever or night sweats
symptoms get worse over time and can flare up during exercise or exertion
what are the treatments for popcorn lung
corticosteroids such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation
using an inhaled medicine such as albuterol to open bronchioles
Suolements oxygen raise blood oxygen levels
antibiotics
rare cases when the lung damage is life-threatening = lung transplant
have do most types of e cigarettes have
A cartridge, tank or pod that hold s liquid (can be refillable)
heating element for turning the liquid into breathable particles
A battery to power the heading element
power or control button
some are activated by sensors when you inhale)
A mouthpiece to breath in the aresol
what is in the e liquid juice in a vape
flavoring
Nicotine
propylene
carcinogens
acetaldehyde
formaldehyde
acrolein, diacetyl and diethylene glycol
heavy metals
nickel, tin, lead and cadmium
Tiny particles that can get deep into your lungs
what are the health effects of vaping
Reduced saliva= increased bacteria
coughing
Shortness of breath
eye irritation
Headaches
dry and irritated mouth and throat
Nausea
why are some cases of vaping being linked to popcorn lung decreasing
Incidence of cases is decreasing slowly within the removal of diacentyl in some e cigarettes
what is talipes
a congenital deformity of the foot, sometimes resulting from intrauterine constriction and characterized by unilateral or bilateral deviation of the metatarsal bones of the forefoot
treatment
what is cleft palate and cleft lip
1 in 700 newborns
Can both occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides
because lip and palate develop separately, and infant can be born with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both
Genetic and environmental
what is the difference between cleft lip and cleft palate
cleft lip: the separation of the two sides of the lip
cleft palate: an opening on the roof of the mouth
what are genetic of inherited diseases
Transmitted from one or both parents at conception
formed by mutation of normal genetic material at a very early stage of cellular replication
Abnormial number of chromosomes
mutation can be found on:
non-sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes
