Chronic kidney disease Flashcards
(40 cards)
Describe the chronic decline in kidney function in CKD
- progressive
- permanent
Key difference between underlying cause of AKI vs CKD
CKD is caused by chronic co-morbidities
Examples of causes of CKD (just to be aware of)
- DM
- hypertension
- age-related decline
- glomerulonephritis
- PKD
- NSAIDs/PPIs/lithium
RFs for CKD
Same as AKI
When CKD is symptomatic it can have the following features
- purities
- loss of appetite
- nausea
- oedema
- muscle cramps
- peripheral neuropathy
- pallor
- hypertension
How far apart should the 2 U&Es tests for CKD be to determine impaired eGFR
3 months apart
How is haematuria detected
Blood in urine dipsticks
Indications for renal USS
- accelerated CKD
- haematuria
- FH
- PKD
- obstruction
What G score and A score are needed for a CKD diagnosis
G3a
A2
G3a (based of eGFR) is
45-59
A2 (based on ACR) is
3-30
CKD patient should be referred to a specialist if eGFR is
<30
CKD patient should be referred to a specialist if ACR is
> 70
CKD patient should be referred to a specialist if eGFR decreases by …. in a year which is a sign of a rapidly progressing CKD
25% (15ml/min)
CKD patient should referred to a specialist if their hptn is still uncontrolled despite being on how many antihypertensives
4
How to slow the progression of CKD
- optimise diabetic/hypertensive control
- treat glumerulonephritis
How to reduce risk of CKD complications
- healthy lifestyle
- atrovastatin
Oral medication given to Tx metabolic acidosis due to CKD
Na2CO3
2 components to treat anaemia due to CKD
- iron supplements
- erythropoietin
Vitamin given to treat renal bone disease due to CKD
VitD
End stage RF can be treated with one of the following
- dialysis
- renal transplant
Why does CKD lead to anaemia
— erythropoietin —> — RBCs
1st line to correct iron deficiency prior to EPO Tx
IV Fe
2nd line to correct iron deficiency prior to EPO Tx
PO Fe
