Chronic Pain

Question 1

define pain

Answer 1

subjective and indiv exp

to protect us from harm

Question 2

acute pain

Answer 2

immed response to noxious stim

time limited

physiologic process

tx should remove prob

Question 3

chronic pain

Answer 3

3-6 mo p initiating event

pwede na di na bcs of noxious

psychological and behavioral

di na sha protective kase nag heal naman na

Question 4

discuss recurrent pain

Answer 4

repeated episodes of acute pain

chronic pain where sx are intermittent

Question 5

what is suffering

Answer 5

affective - emotional and cognitive

catastrophizing

Question 6

most common chronic pain

Answer 6

fibromyalgia

LBP

females

Question 7

addiction

Answer 7

impaired control ng use of drugs despite harm

opioids

Question 8

adjuvant medication

Answer 8

for ibang sx but happens to treat pain also

antidepressant

anti convulsant

steroids

neuroleptics

Question 9

allodynia

Answer 9

cause by stim na not suppose to cause pain

from past or present trauma or idiopathic

fibromyalgia

migraine

postherapeutic nerualgia

Question 10

analgesia

Answer 10

absence of pain stim

trauma to peripheral nerve or sugery

Question 11

causalgia

Answer 11

sustained burning, allodynia and hyperpathia

usually diabetic neuropathy

pain c autonomic dysfunction

Question 12

central pain

Answer 12

lesion in CNS

stroke

MS

tumors

epilepsy

Question 13

chronic pain syndrome

Answer 13

extensive pain behaviors

life disruption

isolation

demanding

anger

doctor shopping

Question 14

dependence

Answer 14

drug use c withdrawal syndrome

panic c withdrawal

Question 15

dysesthesia

Answer 15

unpleasant sensation

shocking, burning, tingling

pt c causalgia

Question 16

hyperalgesia

Answer 16

inc response to pain stim

Question 17

hyperesthesia

Answer 17

inc sensitivity to sim but not special sense

Question 18

malignant pain

Answer 18

assoc c cancer

Question 19

neurogenic pain

Answer 19

lesion on PNS or CNS

Question 20

neuropathic pain

Answer 20

pain caused by lesion on nervous system

Question 21

nocebo effect

Answer 21

opposite ng placebo

inc sx from inert treatment bcs pt believes that it will

Question 22

nociception

Answer 22

receptors sensitive to noxious stim

Question 23

suffering

Answer 23

affective component

anxiety and anger

helplessness

unpleasantness

catastrophizing

Question 24

effect of SSRI and SNRI

Answer 24

limits CNS and helps c chronic pain

antidepressants

Question 25

MSK causes of pain

Answer 25

spinal pain HA arthritis

Question 26

other causes of pain

Answer 26

stroke SCI MS HIV/AIDS cancer

Question 27

traditional model of pain

Answer 27

tissue damage = pain acute pain cant exp pain s damage

Question 28

biopsychosocial model of pain

Answer 28

physical, environment and psychological factors how person and other percieve pain

Question 29

chronic pain syndrome

Answer 29

extensive pain behaviors pain becomes disease = suffering tissue factors and psychological factors

Question 30

integrated biobehavioral approach

Answer 30

acute pain is nociceptive - mechanical, theram and chemical synapses to SI and SII

Question 31

purpose of anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 31

pain and unpleasantness for affect, cognition and response selection

Question 32

purpose of insula

Answer 32

autonomic responses to noxious stim related to memory and learning behaviors kaya may tachycardia, sweating and ANS sx in chronic pain

Question 33

discuss pain neuromatrix

Answer 33

synaptic links from genetics - diff each person mod by psychological and sensory inputs cognitive sensory affective

Question 34

explain the GCT

Answer 34

c fibers and a delta tapos a beta and C aplha non-painful stim can dec pain mediated by norepinephrine & descending inhib factors

Question 35

modulators of GCT

Answer 35

placebo antidepressants anticonvulsants

Question 36

involved in the descending inhibitory factors of the brain

Answer 36

hypothalamus amygdala PAG RVM

Question 37

dorsal inhib pathways

Answer 37

travels to dorsal funiculus secretes: noradrenaline acethylcholine serotonin glycine

Question 38

what mediates nocebo effct

Answer 38

Caudal anterior cingulate cortex head of the caudate cerebellum Contralateral cuneiform nucleus

Question 39

peripheral sensitization

Answer 39

pain from inflammation sa nerve or connective tissue or axons

Question 40

central sensitization

Answer 40

inflammation in CNS inc excitability of dorsal horn exp pain s injury

Question 41

wind up pain

Answer 41

repeated low stim tas maiipon =. pain long-term potentiation

Question 42

central sensitization can occur in

Answer 42

fibromyalgia MPS chronic HA TMJ neuropathic pain

Question 43

significance on ANS to pain

Answer 43

HPA physical or emotional stress can activate yung mga synapses = pain

Question 44

discuss hyperalgesia

Answer 44

inc pain kasi primary and secondary neurons firing sa dorsal horn

Question 45

short-term allodynia

Answer 45

dec threshold of nerves

Question 46

long-term allodynia

Answer 46

A alpha and beta fibers synapse c nociceptor = inc pain maladaptive changes to nerves

Question 47

CNS NT that influence pain

Answer 47

glutamate substance P nerve growth factor serotonin

Question 48

CNS NT that inhibit pain

Answer 48

descending antinociceptive pathways norepi-serotonin-dopamine opioids cannabinoids GABA

Question 49

3 pain dimensions

Answer 49

sensory-discriminative motvation-affective cogntiive-affective

Question 50

purpose of subchronic pain

Answer 50

to help c tissue healing do not move it too much prevent further damage

Question 51

desrcibe muscle pain

Answer 51

dull, deep, aching, cramping, & dicult to localize

Question 52

desribe peripheral neurogenic pain

Answer 52

hypoesthesia, anesthesia, weakness, paresthesia, dysesthesia, & pain

Question 53

describe causalgia

Answer 53

vasomotor, sudomotor and trophic changes extremity is cold or hot

Question 54

central neurogenic pain

Answer 54

burning, aching, lancing, pricking or pressing mga HPA, hyperlagesia and allodynia

Question 55

risk factors of chronic pain

Answer 55

genetics female more PTSD psychological state and hx hormones and HP regulation lifestyle

Question 56

lifestyle factors

Answer 56

smoking opiate and alcohol obesity and OW poor sleep dec vit D