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pharmocology > Chs. 1-3 > Flashcards

Chs. 1-3 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Physical dependence

A

Altered physical condition caused by the adaption of nervous system to repeated drug

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2
Q

Addiction

A

Overwhelming feeling that drives someone to use a drug repeatedly

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3
Q

Dependence

A

Physiological/psychological need for a substance

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4
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Few signs of physical discomfort when drug is withdrawn but intense compelling desire to continue drug use

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5
Q

Controlled substances are:

A
  • are frequently abused
  • have high potential for addition/dependence
  • have restricted use
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6
Q

Scheduled drugs

A

Have significant potential for abuse are placed into 5 categories

  • schedule 1 are highest abuse potential
  • schedule 5 is the lowest (cough meds)
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7
Q

Schedule 1 drugs

A

Restricted to situations of medicinal necessity if allowed at all

  • little or no therapeutic value and mostly used for research
  • ex/heroine
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8
Q

Schedule 2 drugs

A
  • some schedule v drugs may be dispense with it prescription
  • high abuse potential
  • therapeutic use with prescription
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9
Q

Schedule 3 drugs

A
  • moderate abuse potential

- therapeutic use with prescription

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10
Q

Schedule 4 drugs

A

Lower abuse potential
Therapeutic use with prescription
Ex/lorazepam

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11
Q

Schedule 5 drugs

A

Lowest abuse potential

Ex/cough meds with codeine

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12
Q

Teratogenic drug classification

A

A,B,C,D,X

-categories of risk that drug poses to fetus in case of pregnant woman taking drug

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13
Q

Category a drugs

A

Controlled studies in women fail to show risk to fetus and unlikely harm to fetus

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14
Q

Category b drugs

A

Animal reproduction studies haven’t shown fetal risk or adverse effect

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15
Q

Category c drugs

A

Either studies in animals have reveals adverse effects on fetus and there are no controlled studies in women

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16
Q

Category d drugs

A

There is confirmation of human fetal risk but benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite risk like life threatening situations

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17
Q

Category x drugs

A

Animal and human studies have shown fetal abnormalities

-drug is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant

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18
Q

MAR

A

Medication administration record

-include drug name, dosage, and frequency for when to be given

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19
Q

Traditional drugs

A

OTC meds and prescription meds

Prescription meds-amount and frequency of drug is controlled

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20
Q

Biologics

A

Naturally produced by animal cells such as vaccines and hormones

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21
Q

Complementary and alternative

A

Therapies, natural plant extracts, and herbs

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22
Q

Drug classifications

A
  • therapeutic-based on disease or condition

- pharmacologic-based on drugs mechanism of action

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23
Q

Black box warning

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A

1 of primary alerts for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions discovered during and after review process

24
Q

Parenteral routes

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A
  • IV
  • IM
  • SQ (subcutaneous)
25
Adverse drug effects
Unexpected that normally occurs at therapeutic doses like allergic reaction etc
26
Side effect
Unintended secondary effects
27
4 stages of drug approval
1) preclinical (lab research) 2) clinical investigation (longest part; evaluates human benefits) 3) review of new drug application (about 17-24 months; NDA next step if rejected process is suspended) 4) post marketing surveillance (New drug placed on market; FDA holds yearly meeting)
28
Pharmacology
Study of medicine - how drugs are administered - where they travel in body
29
Drug
Chemical agent capable of producing biologic responses within the body
30
Mechanism of action
How drug produces it’s physiological effect on body
31
Prototype drug
Well understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared Has known action and adverse drugs
32
Combination drug
Contains more than one generic ingredient
33
Bioavailability
Physiological ability to reach target cells and produce its effect -May be affected by inert ingredients
34
Pharmacoeconomics
Sub- discipline of health economics has helped in situations involving brooder application of particular type of drug therapy -benefits of $, effectiveness in health improvement and improved utility Ex/state and national debate about legalization of marijuana for treatment of disorders
35
Formulary
1st standard; list of drugs and drug recipes
36
Pharmacopoeia
Medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis
37
Excipients
Inactive ingredients
38
NDA
New drug app | -must be submitted before drug is allowed to proceed to next phase of approval process
39
Allergic reaction
Hyper-response of body defenses to foreign substance (allergen)
40
Anaphylaxis
Severe type of allergic reaction that involves massive systemic release of histamine that can lead to life threatening shock
41
5 rights of drug administration
- right PT - right meds - right dose - right dose of administration - right time of delivery
42
Compliance
Taking med in manner prescribed by health care provider or if use of OTC drugs follow instructions on labels
43
Routine orders
Carried out within 2 hours of time of order (not written STAT, ASAP, NOW)
44
Standing orders
Written in advance of situation that’s to be carried out under specific circumstances
45
Enteral
Given orally and given through nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes Oral=most common and least costly Sublingual Route-med places under tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly Buccal-placed between gum and cheek: slower absorption ODT-allow for quick dissolving of meds without need for external source of water (dissolve in less than 30 seconds after placement on tongue)
46
Enteric Coated tablets
designed to dissolve in alkaline environment of small intestine
47
Sustained release
Dissolve very slowly; results in longer duration of action for meds
48
Topical
Applied locally on skin or membranous linings Dermatologic-applied to skin Installations-applied into body cavities Inhalation’s-applies to respiratory tract like an inhaler
49
Parenteral
Delivers drugs via needle into skin layers muscle etc
50
John Jacob Abel
Father of American pharmacology
51
Pharmacotherapy
Application of drugs for | Disease treatment and alleviation of suffering
52
Therapeutics
Prevention of disease Treatment of suffering Ex/ Antidepressants Influence blood clotting=anticoagulant
53
Pharmacologic classification
Based on way a drug works at molecular, tissue or body system level Address a drugs mechanism of action Ex/lowers plasma volume=diuretic
54
Trade names
Assigned by company marking drug Short and easy to remember Also called proprietary, product or brand name Capitalized
55
Generic name
Assigned by US adopted name council Less complicated and easier to remember Lowercase Ex/aspirin is generic and some of the trade names are Anacin, Salatin, Excedrin etc
56
Combination drugs
Contain more than one active generic ingredient

pharmocology (2 decks)

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