CHURCH HISTORY TS 104 SPRING 17 Q2 PP LUTHERN STUDENT Flashcards
(30 cards)
How was Luther’s personality?
he said: “many have taken the christian faith to e a simple and easy matter, and have even numbered it among the virtues. this is because they have not really experienced it, nor have they tested the great strength of faith”
his personality was “faith in the RAW” has he faced internal struggles along with external struggles with power politics, state and church.
what were some reasons for the Reformation?
- Political Factors
-establishment of centralized nation states who opposed a universal church. - Economic Factors
=nation states did not want their tax dollars going to Rome. - Intellectual Factors;
=as people studied the Greek & Hebrew they discovered that the interpretations provided by the church were not always accurate.
other reasons for the reformation.
4. Moral Factors =corruption was rampant in the church 5 Social Factors =Middle class was developing 6.Theological factors =scriptures plus some other form of authority =tradition took over scripture =inaccessibility of scripture =works over faith
were did Reformation begins?
>Martin Luther-Germany >Anabaptists- Switzerland >John Calvin-Switzerland >Anglicans & Henry 8 >Puritans & Separatists-England >William Tyndale-England
when was Martin Luther born?
he was born on Nov 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Saxony, in modern southeast Germany.
=his parents were Hans & Margarette Luther.
luther’s figure;
against ;
=destroyed the unity of the church
=wild boar that trampled the Lord’s vineyard
=renegade monk shattering the foundations of monasticism
=rude mannerisms
for;
>hero that restored the preaching of the good news
>champion of biblical truth
>reformer of a corrupt and apostate church
>said what was on his mind
at what age did luther entered school?
at age 7, Martin Luther entered school in Mansfeld. at 14, he went to north to Magdeburg, where he continued his studies.
in 1498, he returned to Eisleben and enrolled in a school, studying grammar, rhetoric and logic. he later compared this experience to purgatory and hell
=in 1501 entered the University of Erfurt, received a master of arts degree.
=in July 1505 had a life changing experience. in a horrific thunderstorm where he feared for his life he cried out to St. Anne, the patron saint of miners “save me St. Anne, and I’ll become a monk”
what did luther think about a monastery and what drove him?
Luther was driven by fears of hell and God’s wrath, and felt that life in a monastery would help him find salvation.
=his actions always fearing the wrath of God rather than grace.
=means of grace (good works) were never enough to change his fear.
what kind of monk was Luther?
he was an Augustinian monk training to be a priest.
what school did he attend when he returned to Germany?
he attended the University of Wittenberg, in an attempt to suppress his spiritual turmoil.
=he excelled in his studies and received a doctorate, becoming a professor of theology.
in what part of scripture did he gain spiritual relief?
in 1513 while preparing lectures he read Psalms 22, which recounts Christ’s cry for mercy on the cross, a similar cry to his own disillusionment with God and religion.
what did he read in Paul’s Epistle to the Romans that helped him understand the key to salvation?
he read “The just will live by faith” and realized that the key to spiritual salvation was not to fear God but to believe that faith alone would bring salvation. in 1515
what did he say regarding Purgatory?
“all who die in God’s grace, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven”
what topic raised the most opposition in the 16th century church?
in the 16th century indulgences raised the most opposition.
what does Indulgence mean?
an indulgence was a payment to the Catholic church that purchased an exemption from punishment (penance) for some types of sins.
=catholics feared that if one of their sins went unnoticed or un-confessed, they would spend extra time in purgatory
=the sale of indulgences was a by product of the crusades in the 12th and 13th centuries. they were promised immediate salvation if they died while fighting to liberate the christian holy city at Jerusalem. they justified this by arguing that good works earned salvation
how did indulgences functioned?
as confession insurance against eternal damnation. indulgences spread to include forgiveness for the sins of people who were already dead.
who inspired Martin Luther’s protest in 1517?
John Tetzel the monk who sold indulgences in Germany.
what was the language of Martin’s ninety five Theses?
what was the original title?
it was written in Latin.
=it was originally titled “disputation on the power and efficacy of Indulgences”.
=the second set started things moving, it was translated into German, less theological and more righteous indignation.
what does theses 82 say?
to wit “why does not the pope empty purgatory, for the sake of holy love and of the dire need of the souls that are there, if he redeems an infinite number of souls for the sake of miserable money with which to build a church?
who was John Tetzel?
what did he say?
a Dominican monk who was exceptionally good at selling indulgences.
=played on people’s fears of their loved ones burning in purgatory. payment would release them.
=he said; “once the coin in the coffer clings a soul from purgatory heavenward springs”
who did Luther also send a copy of his ninety five theses?
to Archbishop Albert Albrecht of Mainz, callin on him to end the sale of indulgences
when did the church meet to stop Luther?
in 1518 with cardinal Thomas Cajetan in Augsburg.
Luther was ordered to recant his ninety five theses by the authority of the pope.
what did Luther declared in 1519?
that the bible did not give the pope the exclusive right to interpret scripture, a direct attack on the authority of the papacy.
=in 1520 of June 15 the pope issued an ultimatum threatening Luther with excommunication.
=on Dec 10 luther publicly burned the letter
when was Luther officially excommunicated from the Roman catholic church?
in Jan 1521, and on may 8, 1521 the council released a Edict of Worms banning luther’ writings and declaring him a “convicted heretic”
