Church State Relations- Germany

Question 1

what percentage of the German population were protestant in the 1930s?

Answer 1

66%

Question 2

what was in decline in Germany?

Answer 2

church attendance

Question 3

what were most people still loyal to in Germany?

Answer 3

their religion

Question 4

what were the Christian church suspicious of?

Answer 4

Liberal policies on individual freedoms of the Weimar Republic

Question 5

were the Catholic Church willing to work with the Nazis?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what did the Church share with the Nazis?

Answer 6

anti-communist views

Question 7

what did the church in Germany fear?

Answer 7

communism

Question 8

what did Hitler understand?

Answer 8

the importance of religion

Question 9

what did hitler want to do by working with the Church?

Answer 9

he wanted to remove their influence over: education, the youth and politics

Question 10

what did the Church in Germany have great influence over?

Answer 10

education, politics and youth

Question 11

what did the Nazis want to create (religion)?

Answer 11

one unified protestant church

Question 12

why did the Nazis want to create one unified protestant church?

Answer 12

it would be easier to control

Question 13

what were regional churches replaced by?

Answer 13

a single church known as “Reichskirche”

Question 14

what was the name of the Nazi church?

Answer 14

‘Reichskirche’

Question 15

what was the german christian movement?

Answer 15

a movement which combined christianity, racism and anti-semitism

Question 16

what did the german christian movement want to do?

Answer 16

they wanted to remove the ‘Jewish’ Old Testament from the Bible

Question 17

who was the head of the ‘Reicchskirche’?

Answer 17

Bishop Ludwig Muller

Question 18

who was Bishop Ludwig Muller?

Answer 18

the head of the ‘Reichskirche’

Question 19

what did Bishop Ludwig Muller do as head of the ‘Reichskirche’? (3 things)

Answer 19

-removed Jewish pastors
-allowed Gestapo to monitor the contents of sermons
-ordered protestant youth groups to join Hitler Youth

Question 20

how did the Nazis view the Catholic Church?

Answer 20

they viewed the international nature of it as suspicious

Question 21

what did the Catholic Church display?

Answer 21

a willingness to work with the Nazis

Question 22

what was the name of the agreement signed by the Nazis and the Church?

Answer 22

the 1933 Concordat

Question 23

what was the concordat 1933?

Answer 23

an agreement between the Catholic Church and the Nazis

Question 24

what did the concordat guarantee?

Answer 24

it guaranteed freedom of worship, protection of organisations and catholic education in Nazi State

Question 25

what did the Church agree to abstain from interfering in German society?

Answer 25

politics

Question 26

was the concordat of 1933 agreement maintained by the Nazis?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

how did the Nazis break the concordat? (4 details)

Answer 27

-the Gestapo persecuted members of Catholic organisations (seized Jesuit property) -Catholic youth groups banned - intimidation to stop attending catholic schools -propaganda campaign against the church (accusations of homosexuality + financial corruption)

Question 28

how did the Church react to the Nazis breaking the agreement?

Answer 28

they did not challenge

Question 29

examples of Anti-semitism:

Answer 29

-boycotted Jewish businesses -law for the restoration of the professional service (civil service) -restrictions on Jews working in medicine/legal professions -banned Jewish actors from performing -banned from cinemas, theatres and sporting. events -offensive slogans painted on walls -1935 Nuremburg Laws (Jews classed as 2nd class citizens)

Question 30

what did the 1935 Nuremburg Laws mean for Jews?

Answer 30

they were officially classed as 2nd class citizens

Question 31

when did Kristallnacht occur?

Answer 31

November 9th 1938

Question 32

what was Kristallnacht?

Answer 32

a violent attack on the Jewish community organised by the Nazis

Question 33

what was Kristallnacht in response to?

Answer 33

the murder of a German diplomat Ernest vom Rath

Question 34

who was Ernest Rohm killed by?

Answer 34

a Jewish student who was frustrated at his family being deported

Question 35

why was the Jewish student frustrated?

Answer 35

his family was deported by the Nazis

Question 36

what happened during Kristallnacht?

Answer 36

synagogues and Jewish businesses were burned and attacked

Question 37

who carried out the attacks?

Answer 37

the SA,SS and Hitler Youth

Question 38

what happened to Jews during Kristallnacht?

Answer 38

they were murdered, arrested, attacked, sent to concentration camps

Question 39

who was fined by the Nazis for the murder of Ernest Rohm?

Answer 39

the Jewish community

Question 40

how much was the jewish community fined?

Answer 40

1 billion marks

Question 41

what did Kristallnacht cause?

Answer 41

the rate of emigration and suicide accelerated amongst the Jewish community

Question 42

what was the Nazis Anti-Semitism policy?

Answer 42

1. exclusion from German life 2. escalation of violent persecution (Kristallnacht) 3. mass destruction of Jews in Europe (final solution/Holocaust)