CI 1

Question 1

What conditions are needed for making ammonia?

Answer 1

Iron catalyst
High pressures
High temperature (450C)

Question 2

Why is a nitrogen molecule very unreactive?

Answer 2

Triple bond
High bond enthalpy

Question 3

Ammonia (gas) formula

Answer 3

NH3

Question 4

What bonds does an ammonia molecule have?

Answer 4

1 lone pair
3 N-H single bonds

Question 5

What does the lone pair in ammonia do?

Answer 5

Allows it to form dative covalent bonds
Allows it to act as a base
To form an ammonium ion

Question 6

Ammonium ion formula

Answer 6

NH4+

Question 7

Equation to convert ammonia to ammonium

Answer 7

NH3 + H+ = NH4+

Question 8

What bonds do ammonium ions have?

Answer 8

1 dative bond
3 single bonds

Question 9

What color is NO?

Answer 9

Colorless gas

Question 10

What color is NO2?

Answer 10

Brown gas

Question 11

What color is N2O?

Answer 11

Colorless gas

Question 12

Where does nitrogen (IV) oxide come from?

Answer 12

Formed from oxidation of NO in the atmosphere

Question 13

Where does dinitrogen (I) oxide come from?

Answer 13

Formed in the soil by denitrifying bacteria

Question 14

What happens to nitrate ions when oxygen levels are low?

Answer 14

anaerobic bacteria reduce them to nitrogen
NO3- -> NO -> N2O -> N2

Question 15

Nitrate (V) formula

Answer 15

NO3-

Question 16

What is the formula for nitrite?

Answer 16

NO2-
Aka nitrate (III)

Question 17

What is the equation for the formation of the nitrate (III) ion?

Answer 17

NH4+ + 1.5O2 -> NO2- + 2H+ + H2O

Question 18

What is the equation for the formation of the nitrate (V) ion?

Answer 18

Further oxidation from the nitrate (III) ion

NO2- + 0.5O2 -> NO3-

Question 19

How do we test for ammonium ions?

Answer 19

1) add sodium hydroxide
2) heat gently
3) Ammonia should be given off

Question 20

How do we test for nitrate (V) ions?

Answer 20

1) add sodium hydroxide
2) add Devarda’s alloy
3) heat gently
4) damp red litmus paper turns blue

Question 21

Test for ammonia gas?

Answer 21

• Strong smell
• Red litmus turns blue
• white fumes with hydrogen chloride gas from HCL

Question 22

How do you conduct the brown ring test to test for nitrate ions?

Answer 22

-Add iron sulfate
-Add concentrated sulfuric acid
-Watch for a brown ring in the test tube

Question 23

What is the bond shape and angle of an ammonia molecule?

Answer 23

Pyramidal
107 degrees

Question 24

What is the bond shape and angles of an ammonium ion molecule?

Answer 24

Tetrahedral
90 degrees