CIF Flashcards by Nina Ognjenović

What does Eric Langenbacher classify Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11 as?
A. Investigative journalism
B. Propaganda
C. Objective documentary
D. Political satire

B. Propaganda

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According to Langenbacher, what distinguishes a documentary from propaganda?
A. Use of humor and irony
B. Audience reach and influence
C. Objective truth-telling versus manipulation for political agendas
D. Inclusion of expert interviews

C. Objective truth-telling versus manipulation for political agendas

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How does Langenbacher critique Moore’s editing style?
A. It is minimalistic and underproduced
B. It lacks any music or cinematic tools
C. It uses manipulative editing and factual distortions
D. It is slow-paced and overly academic

C. It uses manipulative editing and factual distortions

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What does Langenbacher identify as the structural flaw of Fahrenheit 9/11?
A. Excessive humor
B. Lack of interviews
C. Comprising three films in one, which dilutes the message
D. Overreliance on special effects

C. Comprising three films in one, which dilutes the message

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three narrative threads in the film?
A. Anti-war critique
B. Climate change urgency
C. Conspiracy theory about Bush’s motives
D. Class warfare commentary

B. Climate change urgency

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What makes the anti-war section of Fahrenheit 9/11 compelling?
A. Its comedic value
B. Emotional depiction of war’s impact on civilians and soldiers
C. Interviews with oil executives
D. Footage from war training camps

B. Emotional depiction of war’s impact on civilians and soldiers

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How does Moore portray class exploitation in the film?
A. By showing military training in private schools
B. By exposing congressional salaries
C. Through scenes of recruitment in poor areas and confrontations with politicians
D. By analyzing tax policy

C. Through scenes of recruitment in poor areas and confrontations with politicians

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What effect does Langenbacher argue the film has on political audiences?
A. Encourages bipartisan dialogue
B. Unites conservatives and liberals
C. Polarizes and energizes existing supporters while alienating undecided voters
D. Promotes voter apathy

C. Polarizes and energizes existing supporters while alienating undecided voters

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According to Singer, what is the primary motivation of PMFs?
A. National security
B. Public service
C. Profit
D. Military discipline

C. Profit

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What issue does Singer highlight about PMF hiring practices?
A. They only recruit recent college graduates
B. They have rigorous moral screening
C. They sometimes hire former criminals and unvetted foreign fighters
D. They avoid hiring military veterans

C. They sometimes hire former criminals and unvetted foreign fighters

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Why do PMFs avoid media and public scrutiny?
A. Their contracts are private and exempt from FOIA requests
B. They receive universal support from NGOs
C. They publish weekly transparency reports
D. They are overseen by the UN

A. Their contracts are private and exempt from FOIA requests

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What legal problem exists with prosecuting PMF employees for war crimes?
A. They have diplomatic immunity
B. They are usually stationed outside conflict zones
C. They are not bound by military or clearly defined civilian laws
D. They often work under direct military command

C. They are not bound by military or clearly defined civilian laws

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What is one consequence of PMFs paying significantly more than the traditional military?
A. Improved military morale
B. Better government recruitment
C. Drain of elite soldiers from the military to PMFs
D. Decrease in global security threats

C. Drain of elite soldiers from the military to PMFs

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What does Langenbacher argue is the effect of combining three distinct narratives in Fahrenheit 9/11?

It dilutes the film’s overall message and undermines its credibility by lacking a cohesive focus.

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How does Moore use music in Fahrenheit 9/11 to influence viewer emotions?

He uses ironic and emotionally charged music to manipulate audience perceptions.

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Summarize the ‘Conspiracy Theory’ narrative Langenbacher identifies in the film.

Moore alleges Bush used 9/11 to justify the Iraq War due to oil interests and Saudi ties.

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Why does Langenbacher believe the film (Fahrenheit 911) polarizes rather than persuades?

It appeals to Moore’s base, alienates undecided viewers, and energizes Bush supporters.

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List two examples Singer gives to show PMFs operate in legal grey zones.

PMFs aren’t covered by military law and contractors often aren’t prosecuted, e.g., Abu Ghraib.

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How do PMFs pose a threat to the traditional military?

They attract skilled soldiers with higher pay, weakening the military’s effectiveness.

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What is the significance of FOIA exemption for PMFs?

It prevents public oversight by hiding contractor casualties and misconduct.

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What does Lesson 1 from ‘Fog of War’ emphasize?
A. Military strength
B. Technological superiority
C. Empathizing with the enemy
D. Avoiding all conflict

C. Empathizing with the enemy

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Which historical event illustrates Lesson 1’s value in the film?
A. Vietnam War
B. Korean War
C. Cuban Missile Crisis
D. Gulf War

C. Cuban Missile Crisis

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What example does McNamara use to illustrate the risks of misperception (Lesson 7)?
A. Cuban Missile Crisis
B. Gulf of Tonkin incident
C. Tet Offensive
D. My Lai Massacre

B. Gulf of Tonkin incident

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What moral dilemma is raised in Lesson 9 of ‘Fog of War’?
A. Use of propaganda
B. Weaponization of media
C. Doing good may require morally questionable actions
D. Mismanagement of data

C. Doing good may require morally questionable actions

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Which event raised McNamara’s question about proportionality in war? A. Hiroshima bombing B. Vietnam War C. Firebombing of Tokyo D. Gulf War

C. Firebombing of Tokyo

What is a central claim of traditionalist Just War Theory? A. Any war is just if the state decides B. War is justified only for defense or preventing atrocities C. War must include economic interests D. War is always unjust

B. War is justified only for defense or preventing atrocities

According to traditionalists like Walzer, who is morally permitted to wage war? A. Individuals B. Non-state actors C. States D. Corporations

C. States

What is a key critique by revisionists of Just War Theory? A. States are always morally right B. International law is absolute C. States are not morally superior to individuals D. War should never happen

C. States are not morally superior to individuals

Which idea do revisionists support regarding combatants in unjust wars? A. They can fight if they obey orders B. They should lay down arms C. They must continue fighting D. They should be tried as civilians

B. They should lay down arms

What do revisionists argue about civilian immunity? A. It is absolute B. It should be removed C. It depends on civilian actions D. Only combatants matter

C. It depends on civilian actions

What does the principle of discrimination in Just War Theory require? A. Equal treatment of all B. Random targeting C. Noncombatants must not be targeted D. Civilian drafting

C. Noncombatants must not be targeted

What does proportionality in Just War Theory involve? A. Equal retaliation B. Harm caused must not exceed harm prevented C. Total destruction D. Unlimited force

B. Harm caused must not exceed harm prevented

How must collateral damage be justified under Just War Theory? A. As long as victory is achieved B. If it's directed at enemies C. If unavoidable and proportionate D. When civilians are warned

C. If unavoidable and proportionate

What does the necessity principle demand in war? A. Maximal damage B. No peace efforts C. Least harmful means must be used D. Complete dominance

C. Least harmful means must be used

How do traditionalists justify sanctions against North Korea? A. Economic gain B. To suppress ideology C. To prevent aggression or moral crimes D. Political leverage

C. To prevent aggression or moral crimes

What critique do revisionists offer regarding sanctions on North Korea? A. They are too lenient B. They harm civilians and must meet moral standards C. They encourage war D. They support regime change

B. They harm civilians and must meet moral standards

What is North Korea's justification for its nuclear buildup? A. International dominance B. Regional control C. Self-defense D. Economic pressure

C. Self-defense

What does Anderson argue about Just War Theory? A. It is outdated B. It limits freedom C. It guides moral behavior of states D. It promotes aggression

C. It guides moral behavior of states

What is a limitation of Just War Theory according to critics? A. Too flexible B. Doesn’t address internal genocide or rogue states C. Encourages war D. Politically biased

B. Doesn’t address internal genocide or rogue states

What was Park Chung-hee's strategic motive for sending troops to Vietnam? A. Humanitarian reasons B. Combat training C. To secure U.S. support D. To gain territory

C. To secure U.S. support

What were South Korea’s initial contributions to Vietnam in 1964? A. Combat units B. Air strikes C. Non-combat units like MASH and engineers D. Naval blockades

C. Non-combat units like MASH and engineers

What benefit did South Korea gain economically from its Vietnam deployment? A. Decline in inflation B. Economic isolation C. Tripled GDP and modernization D. Aid dependence

C. Tripled GDP and modernization

What effect did the Nixon Doctrine have on South Korea’s defense strategy? A. Increased U.S. presence B. Military downsizing C. Push for nuclear weapons D. Withdrawal from alliances

C. Push for nuclear weapons

How does Morris's film style differ from conventional documentaries? A. Chronological facts only B. Uses ambiguity and artistic tools C. Animated storytelling D. Simplified narration

B. Uses ambiguity and artistic tools

What does Grattan emphasize about decision-making? A. Avoiding disagreement B. Centralized power C. Seeking opposing views D. Quick decisions

C. Seeking opposing views

Why does McNamara highlight the importance of empathy in warfare?

He believes that understanding the enemy's perspective could prevent conflicts, as seen in the Cuban Missile Crisis.

How did misunderstanding North Vietnamese goals affect the Vietnam War?

It escalated the war unnecessarily; empathy and dialogue might have avoided the conflict.

Why is the Gulf of Tonkin incident a lesson in perception?

It shows how faulty intelligence or perception can lead to major escalation, as the attack never actually occurred.

What moral ambiguity does Lesson 9 confront?

That doing good in war may involve committing morally troubling actions like targeting civilians.

What does proportionality require in warfare?

The harm caused must not exceed the harm being prevented, both directly and collaterally.

What’s the revisionist stance on the moral privilege of states?

They reject it, arguing that states are not morally superior to individuals or groups.

How do revisionists challenge the idea of civilian immunity?

They argue civilians materially supporting unjust regimes may not be immune.

What is the traditionalist justification for war?

Defense of self, others, or intervening in extreme moral crimes.

How do critics say Just War Theory falls short in modern crises?

It struggles to address internal genocides and nuclear threats from rogue states.

How did Park Chung-hee leverage Vietnam troop deployment?

He used it to negotiate U.S. military support and economic aid for South Korea.

What role did Just War Theory play in evaluating sanctions on North Korea?

It provided moral guidelines for balancing prevention of threats and civilian harm.

How does Morris's documentary (Fog of War) style affect viewer interpretation?

It avoids direct judgment, leaving moral questions unresolved and prompting reflection.

What is Anderson’s defense of Just War Theory?

It offers a necessary ethical framework to prevent arbitrary or violent escalation by states.

What was the purpose of the UN’s Resolution 1674 (2006)? A. To withdraw troops from conflict zones B. To outline international trade agreements C. To establish R2P and emphasize accountability for mass atrocities D. To support state sovereignty at all costs

C. To establish R2P and emphasize accountability for mass atrocities

What was a direct consequence of NATO's intervention in Libya (2011)? A. Withdrawal of UN forces B. Stabilization of the regime C. Gaddafi’s death and regime change D. Expansion of Rwandan peacekeepers

C. Gaddafi’s death and regime change

Why did R2P fail in Syria according to Babbitt? A. Assad accepted peace negotiations B. International unity, mediation, and mutual gains were absent C. The U.S. refused to intervene D. Syria was already a democracy

B. International unity, mediation, and mutual gains were absent

Which of the following is NOT a reason why refugees in Mille Collines were protected, according to survivor critiques? A. French intelligence presence nearby B. Rusesabagina’s leadership C. RPA’s negotiation demands D. UN designation as a protected zone

B. Rusesabagina’s leadership

How does Dokotum critique the portrayal of violence in Hotel Rwanda? A. It glorifies Western intervention B. It includes too many war scenes C. It downplays mass slaughter in favor of personal rescue narratives D. It focuses too much on economic recovery

C. It downplays mass slaughter in favor of personal rescue narratives

What does the 'Dark Continent' trope refer to in critiques of the film? A. Africa’s rich cultural heritage B. Emphasis on colonial triumphs C. Portrayal of Africa as violent and irrational, needing a savior D. Geographical ignorance in films

C. Portrayal of Africa as violent and irrational, needing a savior

According to John Dean’s framework, how should films relate to history? A. Films should provide factual records B. Films and history are completely unrelated C. Films associate and connect with history but aren’t identical to it D. Films should be dramatized fiction

C. Films associate and connect with history but aren’t identical to it

Why is Rusesabagina’s claim of historical accuracy controversial? A. It enhances the film’s comedy elements B. It supports a revisionist agenda C. It overshadows the film’s entertainment value D. It masks selective storytelling and dramatization

D. It masks selective storytelling and dramatization

What role did Belgian corporate interests play in the protection of Mille Collines? A. They requested military evacuation B. They ignored the genocide entirely C. They pressured Rwanda to preserve the hotel D. They armed the refugees

C. They pressured Rwanda to preserve the hotel

What political dimension underlies the critique of Rusesabagina by figures like Ndahiro and Ngarambe? A. They are independent scholars B. They want international fame C. They are aligned with Rwanda’s ruling party and manage state narratives D. They support Rusesabagina’s activism

C. They are aligned with Rwanda’s ruling party and manage state narratives

Which of the following was a structural failure of R2P in Syria? A. Excessive NATO involvement B. Strong opposition unity C. Fractured civil society and conflicting international agendas D. Full implementation of UN resolutions

C. Fractured civil society and conflicting international agendas

What role did international observers play in the Mille Collines hotel? A. They evacuated all refugees B. They served as peace negotiators C. Their presence discouraged direct attacks D. They supported the genocide

C. Their presence discouraged direct attacks

How did Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) influence safety at Mille Collines? A. They avoided the site completely B. They demanded refugee safety as part of negotiations C. They used the site for military training D. They attacked the hotel

B. They demanded refugee safety as part of negotiations

What was General Roméo Dallaire’s comment on Rusesabagina’s role? A. “He saved hundreds with bravery.” B. “He coordinated the entire operation.” C. “I was aware of him, but that’s it.” D. “He led the peace talks.”

C. “I was aware of him, but that’s it.”

What claim does Dokotum challenge about Rusesabagina’s fame? A. It was earned through his writing B. It was based on exaggeration and media portrayal C. It was awarded by the Rwandan government D. It was unrelated to the genocide

B. It was based on exaggeration and media portrayal

What is a central critique of Hotel Rwanda as a political text? A. It is a documentary B. It offers an objective view C. It simplifies complex events for emotional impact D. It is too historically detailed

C. It simplifies complex events for emotional impact

Why is UN Resolution 1674 considered foundational for R2P?

Because it legally and morally commits the international community to act against mass atrocities and to end impunity.

How did the Libya intervention affect the future credibility of R2P?

The mission shifted from civilian protection to regime change, which undermined trust in humanitarian motives for future interventions.

What were the key obstacles to R2P implementation in Syria?

Lack of international unity, weak local mediation, and no shared incentive for peace made effective action impossible.

List three reasons other than Rusesabagina for why Mille Collines residents were protected.

UN protected status, U.S. diplomatic pressure, and the Rwandan Army's negotiation demands.

What is the significance of the 'Dark Continent' trope in the film?

It reinforces harmful stereotypes about Africa as inherently chaotic and needing Western saviors.

How does John Dean distinguish between film and history?

Films evoke emotional associations and symbolism but should not be confused with factual historical records.

Why is Rusesabagina’s portrayal in the film contested politically?

Because his image challenges the official narrative upheld by the Rwandan government and is seen as self-serving by critics.

What role did French intelligence play in the Mille Collines case?

They maintained a secret presence nearby, which may have deterred direct violence against the hotel.

How does Terry George defend his film’s accuracy?

He claims the film “got it right,” asserting its historical accuracy enhances both moral authority and commercial appeal.

What’s Alfred Ndahiro’s role in the critique of Hotel Rwanda?

As a government communications advisor, he interviewed survivors and framed Rusesabagina’s portrayal as politically motivated.

What does Clause 7 of UN Resolution 1674 emphasize? A. Peacekeeping neutrality B. Ending impunity for reconciliation C. Supporting refugee camps D. Enforcing trade sanctions

B. Ending impunity for reconciliation

According to Clause 8 of UN Resolution 1674, what is essential for preventing future abuses? A. Economic development B. Community rebuilding C. Prosecuting war crimes and genocide D. Promoting tourism

C. Prosecuting war crimes and genocide

Which group has Rusesabagina been accused of supporting, undermining his hero image? A. Interahamwe B. UNAMIR C. FDLR D. RPA

C. FDLR

What is one criticism of Rusesabagina’s post-film activism? A. He became a UN diplomat B. He praised Kagame’s regime C. He used his fame for political dissent D. He denied the genocide

C. He used his fame for political dissent

What does Lubin mean by 'The past… does not buy tickets'? A. History is financially valuable B. Films must dramatize to attract audiences C. Audiences always seek documentaries D. Tickets are sold to historians

B. Films must dramatize to attract audiences

According to Dokotum, what tension exists in 'based on a true story' films? A. They are boring B. They must be documentaries C. They balance drama and historical responsibility D. They reflect official history only

C. They balance drama and historical responsibility

What symbolic role does Rusesabagina play for Western audiences? A. A reminder of African autonomy B. A justification for NATO expansion C. A moral symbol to soothe Western guilt D. A tool for UN recruitment

C. A moral symbol to soothe Western guilt

Why are contributions of church leaders, hotel staff, and local Rwandans underemphasized in the film? A. They refused to participate B. The film aimed to focus on military strategy C. To construct a singular heroic narrative D. They were portrayed as villains

C. To construct a singular heroic narrative

C. To establish R2P and emphasize accountability for mass atrocities

C. Gaddafi’s death and regime change

B. International unity, mediation, and mutual gains were absent

B. Rusesabagina’s leadership

C. It downplays mass slaughter in favor of personal rescue narratives

C. Portrayal of Africa as violent and irrational, needing a savior

C. Films associate and connect with history but aren’t identical to it

D. It masks selective storytelling and dramatization

C. They pressured Rwanda to preserve the hotel

C. They are aligned with Rwanda’s ruling party and manage state narratives

C. Fractured civil society and conflicting international agendas

C. Their presence discouraged direct attacks

B. They demanded refugee safety as part of negotiations

C. “I was aware of him, but that’s it.”

B. It was based on exaggeration and media portrayal

C. It simplifies complex events for emotional impact

Why is UN Resolution 1674 considered foundational for R2P?

Because it legally and morally commits the international community to act against mass atrocities and to end impunity.

How did the Libya intervention affect the future credibility of R2P?

The mission shifted from civilian protection to regime change, which undermined trust in humanitarian motives for future interventions.

What were the key obstacles to R2P implementation in Syria?

Lack of international unity, weak local mediation, and no shared incentive for peace made effective action impossible.

List three reasons other than Rusesabagina for why Mille Collines residents were protected.

UN protected status, U.S. diplomatic pressure, and the Rwandan Army's negotiation demands.

What is the significance of the 'Dark Continent' trope in the film?

It reinforces harmful stereotypes about Africa as inherently chaotic and needing Western saviors.

How does John Dean distinguish between film and history?

Films evoke emotional associations and symbolism but should not be confused with factual historical records.

Why is Rusesabagina’s portrayal in the film contested politically?

Because his image challenges the official narrative upheld by the Rwandan government and is seen as self-serving by critics.

What role did French intelligence play in the Mille Collines case?

They maintained a secret presence nearby, which may have deterred direct violence against the hotel.

How does Terry George defend his film’s accuracy?

He claims the film “got it right,” asserting its historical accuracy enhances both moral authority and commercial appeal.

What’s Alfred Ndahiro’s role in the critique of Hotel Rwanda?

As a government communications advisor, he interviewed survivors and framed Rusesabagina’s portrayal as politically motivated.

What does Clause 7 of UN Resolution 1674 emphasize? A. Peacekeeping neutrality B. Ending impunity for reconciliation C. Supporting refugee camps D. Enforcing trade sanctions

B. Ending impunity for reconciliation

C. Prosecuting war crimes and genocide

Which group has Rusesabagina been accused of supporting, undermining his hero image? A. Interahamwe B. UNAMIR C. FDLR D. RPA

C. FDLR

What is one criticism of Rusesabagina’s post-film activism? A. He became a UN diplomat B. He praised Kagame’s regime C. He used his fame for political dissent D. He denied the genocide

C. He used his fame for political dissent

B. Films must dramatize to attract audiences

C. They balance drama and historical responsibility

C. A moral symbol to soothe Western guilt

C. To construct a singular heroic narrative

Who said, 'You can’t make peace using military means' in The Gatekeepers? A. Benjamin Netanyahu B. Avi Dichter C. Yitzhak Rabin D. Ehud Barak

B. Avi Dichter

What political stance have some former Shin Bet leaders adopted after leaving office? A. Far-right nationalism B. Isolationism C. Center-left or peace advocacy D. Religious orthodoxy

C. Center-left or peace advocacy

Which of the following is cited as a media distraction that reduces coverage of Israeli military actions? A. Local elections in Gaza B. FIFA World Cup C. Israeli holidays D. Water shortages

B. FIFA World Cup

What does Sandberg specifically accuse the UN of doing in the Palestinian context? A. Supporting resettlement B. Funding settlements C. Perpetuating suffering through symbolic support D. Promoting Palestinian independence

C. Perpetuating suffering through symbolic support

Why is the Korean War often referred to as the “forgotten war”? A. It occurred before WWI B. It ended with a clear victory C. It lacked cultural presence and ended in stalemate D. It was never officially documented

C. It lacked cultural presence and ended in stalemate

How did the Korean War influence U.S. Cold War policy? A. It ended U.S. military expansion B. It led to isolationism C. It militarized containment and shifted from diplomacy to military readiness D. It reduced military budgets

C. It militarized containment and shifted from diplomacy to military readiness

What did the “Uniting for Peace” resolution allow the UN General Assembly to do? A. Veto any Security Council decision B. Control military budgets C. Act during crises despite Security Council deadlock D. End all conflicts

C. Act during crises despite Security Council deadlock

What was NSC-68 and why did it become influential after the Korean War? A. A nuclear disarmament treaty B. A humanitarian aid plan C. A secret policy advocating massive military buildup, justified by the war D. A trade agreement with Asia

C. A secret policy advocating massive military buildup, justified by the war

What did the Korean War stimulate in terms of structural transformation? A. Decline of scientific research B. End of Cold War policies C. Growth of the military-industrial-academic complex D. Revival of New Deal programs

C. Growth of the military-industrial-academic complex

What term did Arthur Schlesinger Jr. coin to describe the expansion of executive power? A. Nationalist presidency B. Democratic empire C. Imperial presidency D. Militarist republic

C. Imperial presidency

Which practices became normalized during and after the Korean War under national security justification? A. Congressional hearings and peace talks B. Free media and trade liberalization C. CIA coups and domestic surveillance D. Disarmament and democratic participation

C. CIA coups and domestic surveillance

How did the Korean War institutionalize estrangement between government and citizens? A. Increased democratic participation B. Decentralization of power C. Centralized, secretive decision-making D. Complete military transparency

C. Centralized, secretive decision-making

What is Christine Hong’s thesis in *The Unending Korean War*? A. The war ended in 1953 B. North Korea caused the war C. The Korean War created permanent militarized tension D. The U.S. withdrew all troops

C. The Korean War created permanent militarized tension

What does Hong argue about “war disguised as peace”? A. Peace was officially signed B. Armistice = resolution C. The U.S. has been at peace since 1953 D. Military actions are misrepresented as peacekeeping

D. Military actions are misrepresented as peacekeeping

What is Hong’s critique of Western narratives about North Korean nuclear actions? A. They exaggerate Western aid B. They ignore North Korea completely C. They decontextualize defensive acts as random provocations D. They praise North Korean leadership

C. They decontextualize defensive acts as random provocations

Which factors contributed to North Korea’s development of nuclear weapons, according to Hong? A. Economic trade deals B. South Korean invasions C. U.S. military drills and nuclear threats D. Domestic political unrest

C. U.S. military drills and nuclear threats

What does the term 'deep state' in the Korean War context refer to? A. Political parties controlling elections B. Media coverage of war crimes C. Bureaucratic and defense powers operating without public oversight D. Congressional control over foreign policy

C. Bureaucratic and defense powers operating without public oversight

What does the quote from page 100 suggest about the Korean War's domestic impact? A. It strengthened democracy B. It decentralized military power C. It widened the gap between citizens and government D. It reduced federal secrecy ???

C. It widened the gap between citizens and government

What does the 'mobilization base' established during the Korean War refer to? A. Civil rights mobilization B. Industrial strike response units C. A permanent readiness infrastructure for future wars D. Mobilized student protests

C. A permanent readiness infrastructure for future wars

What does 'institutional logic of crisis' mean in Hong’s analysis? A. Governments always react calmly B. War is seen as a breakdown in logic C. A constant state of alert justifies continued militarization D. Institutional logic promotes disarmament

C. A constant state of alert justifies continued militarization

Which companies benefited from the military-industrial-academic expansion after the Korean War? A. Amazon and Tesla B. Pfizer and Meta C. Lockheed and Boeing D. Walmart and Target

C. Lockheed and Boeing

Why was the Korean War overshadowed by other conflicts in historical memory?

Because it ended in a stalemate without a decisive victory and lacked cultural/political prominence.

How did the Korean War help justify NSC-68 and expand the military-industrial complex?

It provided the urgency needed to activate a massive military buildup and permanently link science, academia, and defense spending.

What precedent did Truman set with his Korea decision that influenced later presidents?

Deploying troops without Congressional approval, expanding executive war-making power.

In what way did the Korean War deepen government secrecy and citizen estrangement?

By centralizing national security decisions, reducing Congressional oversight, and increasing classified operations.

How does Christine Hong describe the lasting impact of the Korean War on U.S. geopolitics?

As creating a permanent war economy and national security state that persists under the illusion of peace.

Why does Hong argue that 'peacekeeping' actions are actually continuations of war?

Because ongoing surveillance, sanctions, and provocations are framed as peace despite lacking a treaty.

What is meant by the 'inversion of cause and effect' in Hong’s analysis?

Western narratives present North Korean defense actions as provocations, ignoring decades of U.S. threats.

How do U.S.–South Korea military drills influence North Korean policy, according to Hong?

They simulate invasions, contributing to North Korea’s justification for nuclear self-defense.

What does the opening montage in Dr. Strangelove symbolically critique?

The fetishization of war technology and the absurd romance with destruction.

Why is Plan R a dangerous flaw in nuclear protocol?

It delegates launch authority to field commanders, bypassing centralized control and enabling unilateral war decisions.

How does Dr. Strangelove parody real Cold War figures?

Characters like Gen. Turgidson are based on real hawks like Gen. Curtis LeMay, and Dr. Strangelove is inspired by H-bomb advocates like Edward Teller.

What role does communication breakdown play in the film (Dr. Strangelove)?

It makes deterrence impossible—orders can’t be recalled, escalation becomes irreversible.

Why does Lindley warn about overconfidence in nuclear defense systems?

Because believing in invulnerability makes preemptive strikes more likely and increases global risk.

What is the climate consequence of even a small nuclear war, according to Helfand?

Disruption of global agriculture, leading to massive food shortages and famine.

How does satellite imagery help monitor nuclear proliferation?

It detects construction, activity, and compliance in opaque states, aiding verification efforts.

What is the danger of relying solely on satellite imagery for nuclear policy?

Without expert analysis, images can be misinterpreted, leading to false accusations or missed threats.

Why is Dr. Strangelove’s character a symbolic warning?

He represents the fusion of Nazi ideology and Cold War rationality, warning about blind faith in technological control.

What real-life Cold War policy does Operation Chrome Dome represent?

It involved U.S. bombers flying 24/7 with live nuclear weapons, mirroring the film’s scenario.

What ironic element is introduced in the opening scene of Dr. Strangelove? A. A patriotic speech by the president B. Dreamy romantic music with a B-52 refueling montage C. A nuclear explosion played in reverse D. Soldiers dancing to pop music

B. Dreamy romantic music with a B-52 refueling montage

What does Lindley argue Dr. Strangelove critiques? A. Economic policies during wartime B. The illusion of control in nuclear systems C. The morality of communism D. The legitimacy of the Soviet Union

B. The illusion of control in nuclear systems

What is Plan R in the film, and why is it dangerous? A. A medical emergency plan B. A plan for immediate diplomacy C. Allows a general to launch nuclear war if D.C. is destroyed D. A rescue plan for stranded soldiers

C. Allows a general to launch nuclear war if D.C. is destroyed

Why does the Soviet Doomsday Device fail to work as a deterrent? A. It had a software glitch B. It was destroyed prematurely C. It was kept secret D. It only worked once

C. It was kept secret

How does the film depict the “mineshaft gap” as an absurd outcome? A. It shows mining accidents B. It mocks resource scarcity C. It satirizes arms races through post-apocalyptic competition D. It focuses on tunnel warfare

C. It satirizes arms races through post-apocalyptic competition

Which real Cold War policy mirrored the film's scenario of armed B-52s flying constantly? A. Plan Orange B. Operation Chrome Dome C. Manhattan Project D. Eisenhower Doctrine

B. Operation Chrome Dome

What Cold War incident nearly resulted in a U.S. hydrogen bomb detonation? A. Cuban Missile Crisis B. Berlin Airlift C. Goldsboro Incident D. U-2 Spy Plane Crisis

C. Goldsboro Incident

What does MAD stand for, and what is its logic? A. Military Aid Division – assisting allies B. Maximum Alert Doctrine – attack readiness C. Mutual Assured Destruction – deterrence through total retaliation D. Multilateral Arms Deployment – peacekeeping strategy

C. Mutual Assured Destruction – deterrence through total retaliation

What is the “security dilemma” as shown in the film and history? A. When both sides agree on peace B. When one side disarms first C. When defensive actions are seen as offensive, provoking escalation D. When security technology fails

C. When defensive actions are seen as offensive, provoking escalation

What concern does Lindley raise about preemptive systems like THAAD? A. They are too costly B. They deter cyber attacks C. They promote false confidence and destabilize deterrence D. They protect all nations equally

C. They promote false confidence and destabilize deterrence

What humanitarian risk does Ira Helfand associate with limited nuclear war? A. Radiation only B. Loss of cultural heritage C. Global famine and climate collapse D. Decrease in fossil fuel use

C. Global famine and climate collapse

How many people are at risk in a “nuclear famine” scenario? A. 1 million B. 10 million C. 100 million D. 1 billion

D. 1 billion

Why do P5 states boycotting humanitarian nuclear conferences matter? A. It shows interest in disarmament B. It represents global unity C. It reflects strategic denial and disregard for human impacts D. It indicates a shift toward peace

C. It reflects strategic denial and disregard for human impacts

What is a key benefit of modern commercial satellite imagery in nuclear monitoring? A. Replaces all ground inspections B. Is only used by militaries C. Democratizes access and supports treaty enforcement D. Works in all weather conditions

C. Democratizes access and supports treaty enforcement

Why is image analysis training crucial for interpreting satellite data? A. Satellites only show historical data B. Without it, visual evidence can be misunderstood C. It ensures weather accuracy D. All satellites are identical

B. Without it, visual evidence can be misunderstood

What does the absurd, romantic font in the opening credits of Dr. Strangelove foreshadow? A. The realistic nature of the film B. The focus on historical accuracy C. The contradiction and absurdity within nuclear logic D. The horror of global warming

C. The contradiction and absurdity within nuclear logic

What symbolic traits does Dr. Strangelove’s character represent? A. American optimism B. Soviet socialism C. Nazi ideology fused with Cold War technocracy D. Buddhist pacifism

C. Nazi ideology fused with Cold War technocracy

What recent concern echoes the communication breakdowns in Dr. Strangelove? A. A decline in diplomatic training B. Strategies to respond to cyberattacks with nuclear weapons C. Lack of satellite technology D. Withdrawal from NATO

B. Strategies to respond to cyberattacks with nuclear weapons

According to Helfand and Kubrick’s implications, what is often ignored in nuclear strategy? A. Diplomatic etiquette B. The economic benefits of disarmament C. The bureaucratic costs of war D. The real human suffering and humanitarian consequences

D. The real human suffering and humanitarian consequences

What do former Shin Bet heads argue is ineffective in achieving peace?

Using military force as a substitute for diplomatic solutions.

Why do some view The Gatekeepers as a demonstration of democracy?

Because it allows critical voices from former officials to be heard publicly without censorship.

What is the strategic use of “media distractions” in Israeli military planning?

To time operations during global media saturation to reduce international backlash.

How does Israel exercise control over Palestinian civil life in Area C?

Through permit denial, demolitions, restricted access to infrastructure, and control of registries.

What is the significance of the concept of “Judaization”?

It refers to transforming Palestinian areas into Jewish spaces through settlement, renaming, and cultural erasure.

Why are some Palestinian villages in Israel denied official status?

To exclude them from basic services and rights, reinforcing marginalization.

What is Sandberg’s criticism of the international approach to the Palestinian issue?

It maintains Palestinians as symbolic victims rather than resolving their political and economic realities.

Why is collective punishment a controversial practice under international law?

Because it targets individuals and communities not proven guilty, violating basic legal principles.

How does Sandberg believe the victim identity affects peace negotiations?

It creates incentives to maintain suffering for diplomatic gain, obstructing practical solutions.

What does control over registries mean for Palestinians in the West Bank?

Their legal status, mobility, and even family events like births and deaths depend on Israeli approval.

What did Paul Aussaresses openly admit in his memoir? A. That the Algerian War was justified B. Systematic use of torture and executions C. A commitment to democratic principles D. The FLN had no public support

B. Systematic use of torture and executions

What global impact did French torture methods have? A. They were quickly condemned and isolated B. They influenced practices in Vietnam and Chile C. They were banned by NATO D. They helped decolonization

B. They influenced practices in Vietnam and Chile

What was the significance of Macron’s 2018 statement? A. A call for military reform B. Denial of France's colonial past C. A historic admission of torture in Algeria D. A tribute to Aussaresses

C. A historic admission of torture in Algeria

How was The Battle of Algiers used in the Iraq War? A. As a propaganda film B. To understand urban insurgency C. To promote democracy D. To recruit soldiers

B. To understand urban insurgency

What critique does Mark Parker make about the U.S. military’s use of the film? A. They used it to justify colonialism B. They ignored its message C. They turned a critique into a tactical manual D. They banned the film

C. They turned a critique into a tactical manual

Which cinema tradition does Chanan link The Battle of Algiers to? A. Classic Hollywood B. Documentary cinema C. Third Cinema D. European New Wave

C. Third Cinema

What visual techniques did Pontecorvo use to simulate realism? A. CGI and color grading B. Studio sets and static cameras C. Handheld cameras and newsreel style D. Animation

C. Handheld cameras and newsreel style

What was the primary purpose of torture shown in the film, according to Harrison? A. Intelligence gathering B. Punishment C. Population terror and morale destruction D. Legal enforcement

C. Population terror and morale destruction

What did Edward Said argue about the film’s influence (Battle of Algiers)? A. It was irrelevant B. It undermined resistance movements C. It inspired Palestinian resistance D. It glorified violence

C. It inspired Palestinian resistance

What is one irony of The Battle of Algiers’ reception? A. It was celebrated by colonial officers B. It won military awards C. It was used by occupying forces it critiqued D. It was banned in Algeria

C. It was used by occupying forces it critiqued

How did foreign support influence rebel victory rates post–1945? A. Made them lose more B. Had no measurable effect C. Increased likelihood of victory D. Made conflicts more peaceful

C. Increased likelihood of victory

What effect does foreign aid have on civil wars? A. Reduces violence B. Ends wars quickly C. Escalates and prolongs conflicts D. Brings reconciliation

C. Escalates and prolongs conflicts

How did the FLN win the ‘World War for Opinion’? A. Military conquest of France B. Economic power C. Global media, diplomacy, and legitimacy efforts D. Surrender

C. Global media, diplomacy, and legitimacy efforts

Who was Paul Aussaresses and what was he known for?

French general who admitted to systematic torture and executions during the Algerian War.

How did the French use The Battle of Algiers film in the 2000s?

As a training tool for urban counterinsurgency during the Iraq War.

What does Third Cinema emphasize?

Anti-colonial themes, non-commercial aims, and revolutionary purpose.

What is ‘newsreel realism’ in The Battle of Algiers?

A technique mimicking real news footage to create the illusion of documentary neutrality.

How did the FLN use international media?

To build legitimacy and frame their struggle as a just anti-colonial movement.

What is the key irony of The Battle of Algiers' military use?

A film condemning repression was used by modern militaries for counterinsurgency tactics.

What are some tactics used to simulate realism in the film (Battle of Algiers)

Handheld cameras, black-and-white film, non-actors, and chaotic crowd scenes.

What are the risks of foreign aid to rebel groups?

It can escalate violence, prolong wars, and increase civilian casualties.

What was the main point of disagreement between President Truman and General MacArthur during the Korean War? A. Whether to negotiate with North Korea B. Whether to expand the war into China C. Whether to deploy U.S. troops to Europe D. Whether to use air power in Korea

B. Whether to expand the war into China

Why did President Truman oppose MacArthur's plan to expand the war into China? A. He wanted to withdraw from the Korean Peninsula B. He supported China’s intervention C. He feared it would start World War III with China or the Soviet Union D. He believed China was already an ally

C. He feared it would start World War III with China or the Soviet Union

What controversial military action did General MacArthur suggest during the Korean War? A. Invading Japan B. Launching a naval blockade C. Using nuclear weapons against China D. Withdrawing all U.S. forces

C. Using nuclear weapons against China

Why was General MacArthur fired by President Truman in 1951? A. For retreating from North Korea B. For leaking classified documents C. For insubordination and publicly criticizing Truman D. For refusing to deploy troops

C. For insubordination and publicly criticizing Truman

What important principle was reinforced by Truman’s firing of MacArthur? A. Generals control foreign policy B. Military leaders can act independently C. Civilian control over the military D. Total war is preferable

C. Civilian control over the military

What does the term 'McCarthyism' refer to? A. A new form of government B. A military strategy in the Korean War C. A wave of anti-communist fear and political persecution in the U.S. D. A trade agreement with China

C. A wave of anti-communist fear and political persecution in the U.S.

How did McCarthyism impact individuals in the U.S.? A. It increased job opportunities B. It promoted international travel C. It led to accusations, investigations, and ruined careers D. It boosted support for communism

C. It led to accusations, investigations, and ruined careers

What role did the Korean War play in the rise of McCarthyism? A. It decreased fear of communism B. It provided evidence to support McCarthy's anti-communist claims C. It led to the end of McCarthy's political career D. It unified political debate in the U.S.

B. It provided evidence to support McCarthy's anti-communist claims

How did McCarthyism affect foreign policy debates during the Korean War? A. It encouraged open and diverse viewpoints B. It had no impact on policy C. It silenced critics who feared being labeled pro-communist D. It reduced military spending

C. It silenced critics who feared being labeled pro-communist

Why does McCarthyism still matter in understanding U.S. history? A. It led to stronger international alliances B. It ended communism in Asia C. It showed how fear and war can be used for political power D. It had no long-term effects

C. It showed how fear and war can be used for political power

What does “inversion of cause and effect” refer to? A. Understanding both sides of a conflict B. Confusing what caused something with its result C. Ignoring military strategies D. Predicting future consequences accurately

B. Confusing what caused something with its result

How is “inversion of cause and effect” applied to North Korea’s nuclear program according to Christine Hong? A. It proves North Korea is irrational B. It shows North Korea’s aggression started the Korean War C. It reveals North Korea’s nuclear development as a reaction to U.S. threats D. It suggests North Korea wants to start global war

C. It reveals North Korea’s nuclear development as a reaction to U.S. threats

Which of the following best describes the dominant Western narrative about North Korea? A. North Korea is acting in self-defense B. U.S. policies are to blame for tension C. North Korea’s actions are unprovoked aggressions D. The Korean War has ended and peace is stable

C. North Korea’s actions are unprovoked aggressions

Why does Christine Hong argue that North Korea’s nuclear weapons are not the “cause” of conflict? A. Because they have never used them B. Because they are a response to decades of U.S. hostility C. Because China supports them D. Because they aim to disarm

B. Because they are a response to decades of U.S. hostility

How does understanding “inversion of cause and effect” help in academic analysis? A. It simplifies historical narratives B. It reinforces mainstream perspectives C. It challenges dominant political narratives and media framing D. It avoids complex thinking

C. It challenges dominant political narratives and media framing

What does Christine Hong mean by “white supremacy at home, colored massacres abroad”? A. The U.S. treated all foreign conflicts equally B. Domestic racism was separate from foreign policy C. U.S. domestic racism extended into foreign military actions D. The Korean War was unrelated to race

C. U.S. domestic racism extended into foreign military actions

Why were civilian deaths in Korea accepted by the U.S. public, according to Hong? A. They were well-documented in the media B. Koreans were seen as equal and the deaths were mourned C. The bombing campaigns were considered failures D. Dehumanization of Koreans made violence seem like security

D. Dehumanization of Koreans made violence seem like security

According to Daniel Widener, how did the Korean War reshape American racial identity? A. It made the U.S. more isolationist B. The military was seen as inclusive while committing violence abroad C. It led to racial equality in Korea D. It ended racial discrimination in the U.S. military

B. The military was seen as inclusive while committing violence abroad

Which of the following is NOT one of the social categories produced by biopolitical violence in the Korean War, according to Hong? A. The camptown prostitute B. The war orphan C. The humanitarian worker D. The subimperial soldier

C. The humanitarian worker

What does Christine Hong argue about the racial double standard in U.S. war policy? A. The U.S. was praised for protecting Korean civilians B. The U.S. acknowledged and apologized for war crimes C. The U.S. portrayed North Koreans as irrational and faceless while ignoring its own violence D. The U.S. favored North Korea in peace talks

C. The U.S. portrayed North Koreans as irrational and faceless while ignoring its own violence

What does Christine Hong mean by “war garbage” in the context of the Korean adoption industry? A. Korean children were given luxurious treatment after the war B. The state viewed and discarded poor, racialized children as worthless, only to profit from their adoption C. War memorabilia were sold in black markets D. Soldiers abandoned their weapons after the war

B. The state viewed and discarded poor, racialized children as worthless, only to profit from their adoption

What is meant by “transgenerational economy of reproductive injustice”? A. Reproductive health in Korea improved over generations B. Korean women had freedom over reproductive decisions post-war C. A system that coerced poor women into giving up children, who were then commodified for Western adoption D. A multigenerational family planning program

C. A system that coerced poor women into giving up children, who were then commodified for Western adoption

How were many Korean children misrepresented to facilitate adoption? A. They were registered as war heroes B. They were identified as refugees from China C. They were labeled as “orphans” even when they had living mothers D. They were considered wealthy adoptees

C. They were labeled as “orphans” even when they had living mothers

What does the term “recursive temporality” suggest in Hong’s analysis? A. War has a clearly defined start and end B. The war's effects, especially on women and children, ended quickly C. The consequences of the war repeat over time, continuing to harm the disempowered D. Korean war history repeats in textbooks

C. The consequences of the war repeat over time, continuing to harm the disempowered

What structural condition contributed to the growth of the Korean adoption industry? A. Growth of domestic welfare systems B. Stable postwar family structures C. Militarized zones and poverty leading to social abandonment D. Korean government subsidies for adoption

C. Militarized zones and poverty leading to social abandonment

What is the 'Land Without a People' myth? A. A phrase describing the geographical emptiness of Palestine B. A Zionist myth claiming Palestine was empty before Jewish immigration C. A UN-approved statement about Israel's founding D. A historical fact about Bedouin nomadism

B. A Zionist myth claiming Palestine was empty before Jewish immigration

How does the 'Land Without a People' myth justify Zionist settlement? A. By encouraging Palestinian migration B. By promoting agricultural reform C. By denying the displacement of indigenous populations D. By securing UN backing

C. By denying the displacement of indigenous populations

What is the Israeli government’s classification of the Bedouin that supports this myth? A. Citizens with agricultural claims B. Nomadic people without land claims C. Urban settlers with development permits D. Refugees entitled to compensation

B. Nomadic people without land claims

What does historical evidence show about the Bedouin in the Naqab (Negev)? A. They arrived after 1948 B. They were urban settlers C. They had long-standing land ties and seasonal agriculture D. They had no permanent dwellings

C. They had long-standing land ties and seasonal agriculture

What was the demographic shift in the Naqab (Negev) from 1948 to today? A. From 20% to 60% Bedouin B. From 99% to 11% Bedouin C. From 30% to 80% Jewish D. From 50% to 50% Arab and Jewish

B. From 99% to 11% Bedouin

What are consequences of Bedouin villages being 'unrecognized' by the state? A. They receive enhanced security B. They are prioritized for infrastructure development C. They are denied basic services and are subject to demolitions D. They are eligible for international aid

C. They are denied basic services and are subject to demolitions

How is the myth implemented through planning policies? A. Granting development rights to all ethnic groups B. Issuing permits freely to Bedouin communities C. Refusing building permits and demolishing villages D. Encouraging Bedouin agricultural expansion

C. Refusing building permits and demolishing villages

Under Israeli law, what is required to legally recognize land ownership? A. Oral testimony from local elders B. Seasonal grazing records C. Individual title deeds with clear dates and boundaries D. Continuous residence for more than 50 years

C. Individual title deeds with clear dates and boundaries

Why are many Bedouin and Palestinian land claims rejected under Israeli legal frameworks? A. They lack knowledge of the law B. They often cannot afford land taxes C. Their ownership is based on customary and communal systems without formal deeds D. Their land is contaminated

C. Their ownership is based on customary and communal systems without formal deeds

What tactic does the Israeli state use to claim land as “State Domain”? A. Leasing it from international organizations B. Purchasing it from local municipalities C. Declaring land “uncultivated” or lacking formal ownership D. Building roads through the land

C. Declaring land “uncultivated” or lacking formal ownership

What is one impact of land being declared as “State Land”? A. It is protected for environmental conservation B. It is turned into parks for tourism C. It leads to expulsions, demolitions, and reallocations to settlements D. It becomes a public resource for all citizens

C. It leads to expulsions, demolitions, and reallocations to settlements

What is a major reason Bedouin in the Naqab are classified as “squatters”? A. They recently immigrated to Israel B. They bought land illegally C. They lack formal deeds due to reliance on oral tradition D. They refused to register their homes

C. They lack formal deeds due to reliance on oral tradition

What is the primary purpose of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) since its founding in 1901? A. Promote interfaith dialogue in Palestine B. Acquire land for Jewish settlement in Palestine C. Preserve Palestinian cultural heritage D. Administer international humanitarian aid

B. Acquire land for Jewish settlement in Palestine

What legal mechanism did the 1950 Absentee Property Law use to seize Palestinian land? A. It labeled Palestinians as foreign nationals B. It nationalized all agricultural land C. It designated displaced Palestinians as “absentees” D. It outlawed private land ownership

C. It designated displaced Palestinians as “absentees”

What was a major consequence of the 1953 Acquisition of Land Law? A. It allowed Palestinians to reclaim lost property B. It legalized the return of refugees C. It enabled the permanent transfer of seized land to the JNF and the state D. It prohibited forestation on village lands

C. It enabled the permanent transfer of seized land to the JNF and the state

Why did the JNF plant forests over destroyed Palestinian villages? A. To prevent deforestation B. To create eco-tourism destinations C. To erase evidence of Palestinian presence and prevent refugee return D. To support climate change mitigation

C. To erase evidence of Palestinian presence and prevent refugee return

What is a key criticism of JNF-controlled land policies? A. They encourage illegal settlements by non-Israelis B. They ban agricultural development entirely C. They prohibit non-Jews, including Palestinians with Israeli citizenship, from using the land D. They allow unrestricted international investment

C. They prohibit non-Jews, including Palestinians with Israeli citizenship, from using the land

What is the main demographic objective of the Jerusalem Master Plan? A. Equal distribution of ethnic and religious groups B. Promoting international settlement in Jerusalem C. Maintaining a 70% Jewish to 30% Palestinian population ratio D. Creating a population-neutral development policy

C. Maintaining a 70% Jewish to 30% Palestinian population ratio

What does the term “Judaization of East Jerusalem” refer to? A. Promoting religious freedom in the city B. Demolishing old religious sites for modernization C. Expanding Jewish settlements and infrastructure into Palestinian areas D. Building public housing for all residents equally

C. Expanding Jewish settlements and infrastructure into Palestinian areas

What method is primarily used to control Palestinian urban expansion in East Jerusalem? A. Forced mass relocations B. Generous state subsidies for Arab housing C. Restricting building permits and allowing only densification D. Expanding Palestinian suburbs beyond the city

C. Restricting building permits and allowing only densification

What are “green zones” under the Jerusalem Master Plan? A. Areas set aside for community parks for all residents B. Agricultural development zones for Palestinian farmers C. Zones where building is prohibited, often reclassified from Palestinian neighborhoods D. Environmental conservation areas open to public use

C. Zones where building is prohibited, often reclassified from Palestinian neighborhoods

How are archaeology and tourism used in East Jerusalem according to the Master Plan? A. To promote multicultural education in schools B. As tools to increase economic opportunities for all communities C. To claim land as Jewish heritage and justify displacement of Palestinians D. To enhance the visibility of Palestinian historical sites

C. To claim land as Jewish heritage and justify displacement of Palestinians

What central claim does the author make about Palestinian legal status in Sheikh Jarrah? A. They are rightful owners under Ottoman law B. Their status as protected tenants exceeds what was granted C. They were promised ownership under Israeli law D. Their homes were gifted by UNRWA

B. Their status as protected tenants exceeds what was granted

What did Jordan offer Palestinian refugees in Sheikh Jarrah during the 1950s? A. Full land ownership B. Temporary leases with future title deeds C. UN citizenship D. Israeli property documents

B. Temporary leases with future title deeds

According to the author, why are Palestinian claims to property in Sheikh Jarrah legally problematic? A. They were granted in secret B. They exceed lease terms under Jordanian law C. They are supported by international courts D. They were never documented

B. They exceed lease terms under Jordanian law

What does the author allege regarding some Palestinian property documents? A. They were validated by the UN B. They are legally binding C. They may be forged or altered D. They were found in Ottoman archives

C. They may be forged or altered

What broader legal criticism does Sandberg make about Palestinian claims in Sheikh Jarrah? A. Palestinians are reclaiming land based on Ottoman inheritance B. Courts ignore valid Palestinian documents C. Claims turn lease agreements into ownership without legal basis D. UNRWA guaranteed full ownership

C. Claims turn lease agreements into ownership without legal basis

What stylistic technique did Pontecorvo use to create a pseudo-documentary feel in The Battle of Algiers? A. Animation and CGI B. Handheld cameras and real locations C. Color filters and digital effects D. Studio sets and artificial lighting

B. Handheld cameras and real locations

What does the opening disclaimer 'IS INCLUDED IN THIS PICTURE' in The Battle of Algiers imply? A. The film is entirely fictional B. It is a historical documentary C. It warns against taking the film as literal history D. It confirms the accuracy of every scene

C. It warns against taking the film as literal history

What do freeze frames, iris shots, and dramatic music in The Battle of Algiers serve to do? A. Increase suspense B. Reinforce the documentary style C. Remind viewers they are watching a constructed film D. Create a romantic tone

C. Remind viewers they are watching a constructed film

Colonel Mathieu in The Battle of Algiers is best described as: A. A historical figure B. A comedic character C. A fictional composite representing French command D. A local Algerian revolutionary

C. A fictional composite representing French command

Why is the scene showing Ali la Pointe’s safehouse significant in the context of realism? A. It adds humor to the film B. It showcases traditional Algerian architecture C. It grants access to spaces real newsreels could not enter D. It features advanced camera technology

C. It grants access to spaces real newsreels could not enter

What is the effect of showing footage already seen earlier when Colonel Mathieu presents it? A. It confuses the viewer B. It provides a chronological recap C. It creates a self-reflexive commentary on media D. It lengthens the film unnecessarily

C. It creates a self-reflexive commentary on media

How does Colonel Mathieu justify torture in the film? A. Through emotional appeals B. With religious arguments C. With cold logic that is morally disturbing D. By denying its use altogether

C. With cold logic that is morally disturbing

According to Reid, what is problematic about the portrayal of torture in The Battle of Algiers? A. It is too graphic B. It is too humorous C. It is shown as systematic and clean, not chaotic D. It is absent from the film

C. It is shown as systematic and clean, not chaotic

How has The Battle of Algiers been misinterpreted by some audiences? A. As a romantic comedy B. As an accurate military documentary C. As a science fiction allegory D. As a children’s educational film

B. As an accurate military documentary

What does the concept of Hollywood as a “Third Force” imply? A. That Hollywood films are part of the military-industrial complex B. That Hollywood influences recruitment, morale, and public perceptions C. That war films are always accurate representations of combat D. That war films only reflect public opinion, not shape it

B. That Hollywood influences recruitment, morale, and public perceptions

What characterizes post-9/11 war films? A. Patriotic unity and propaganda B. Skepticism toward war and authority C. Focus on individual trauma, realism, and visual authenticity D. Avoidance of moral questions and complex politics

C. Focus on individual trauma, realism, and visual authenticity

Which of the following best describes the term 'Third-Person Perception (TPP)' in media studies? A. The belief that one benefits from media more than others B. The idea that media does not influence public opinion C. The belief that media affects others more than oneself D. The assumption that media has no real-world consequences

C. The belief that media affects others more than oneself

How do servicemembers typically view Hollywood war films? A. Highly accurate and respectful B. Neutral and fair C. Inaccurate and too macho, with some realistic humor D. More accurate than documentaries

C. Inaccurate and too macho, with some realistic humor

What mismatch exists between servicemembers and civilians regarding war films? A. Civilians find films too violent, while soldiers enjoy them B. Servicemembers view films as more accurate than civilians do C. Civilians believe films are more accurate than they are, while servicemembers find them misleading D. Both groups think war films are completely fictional

C. Civilians believe films are more accurate than they are, while servicemembers find them misleading

In what way is 'visual realism' in Hollywood war films often misleading? A. It shows too much graphic content B. It prioritizes visual effects while ignoring psychological and moral truth C. It avoids showing the battlefield D. It always matches the historical record

B. It prioritizes visual effects while ignoring psychological and moral truth

How does The Battle of Algiers differ from Hollywood war films like American Sniper? A. It glorifies colonial violence through emotional storytelling B. It is a documentary C. It uses aesthetic transparency and warns viewers about its own constructed nature D. It avoids political critique

C. It uses aesthetic transparency and warns viewers about its own constructed nature

Who directed 'The Battle of Algiers' and had a background in communist and anti-Fascist resistance? A. Costa-Gavras B. Gillo Pontecorvo C. Edward Said D. Richard Clarke

B. Gillo Pontecorvo

What stylistic choice gives 'The Battle of Algiers' a documentary feel? A. Use of animation B. Handheld, grainy footage C. High-definition color scenes D. Voiceover narration

B. Handheld, grainy footage

Why did France ban 'The Battle of Algiers' for 5 years? A. Too violent B. Technical inaccuracies C. Too sympathetic to Algerians D. Low box office sales

C. Too sympathetic to Algerians

What is a central moral theme explored in 'The Battle of Algiers'? A. Economic reforms B. Moral cost of resistance and terrorism C. Romantic love in war D. Environmental degradation

B. Moral cost of resistance and terrorism

How did the Pentagon use 'The Battle of Algiers' post-9/11? A. As entertainment for troops B. As a manual for counter-insurgency C. For film studies classes D. To train diplomats

B. As a manual for counter-insurgency

What does Edward Said critique about the film's narrative? A. Too comedic B. Imposes a dictatorship of truth C. Lacks color D. Is too abstract

B. Imposes a dictatorship of truth

Which character breaks the fourth wall to challenge the viewer on torture? A. Ali La Pointe B. Colonel Mathieu C. Gillo Pontecorvo D. Edward Said

B. Colonel Mathieu

How does Parker describe the dual use of the film? A. Historical comedy B. Critique and military manual C. Romantic drama D. Abstract art film

B. Critique and military manual

Why is the Spanish-American War (1898) considered a violation of Just War Theory? A. It was a purely defensive war to protect American borders B. It prioritized territorial conquest over defending sovereignty or human rights C. It was the first war fought entirely overseas D. It involved no civilian casualties

B. It prioritized territorial conquest over defending sovereignty or human rights

Which war is commonly cited as a positive example of Just War adherence by the U.S.? A. Vietnam War B. Iraq War (2003) C. First Gulf War (1991) D. Spanish-American War

C. First Gulf War (1991)

What aspect of the First Gulf War (1991) made it align with Just War Theory? A. It sought regime change in Iraq B. It used nuclear weapons as deterrents C. It aimed to expel Iraq from Kuwait and restore sovereignty D. It involved no international coalition

C. It aimed to expel Iraq from Kuwait and restore sovereignty

How did George W. Bush’s Iraq War (2003) challenge Just War Theory? A. It was entirely UN-approved B. It was based on the principle of humanitarian intervention C. It used speculative threats (WMDs) to justify preemptive war D. It focused solely on defensive action

C. It used speculative threats (WMDs) to justify preemptive war

What are the primary concerns with Obama’s drone warfare in terms of Just War Theory? A. Excessive use of military force in Europe B. Targeting of military bases only C. Civilian casualties and extrajudicial killings D. Use of biological weapons

C. Civilian casualties and extrajudicial killings

Which statement reflects Trump’s deviation from Just War principles? A. Advocated peace treaties with all adversaries B. Threatened to “totally destroy North Korea,” violating proportionality C. Refused to engage in military conflict D. Focused on humanitarian missions only

B. Threatened to “totally destroy North Korea,” violating proportionality

What did Park Chung-hee learn from the Vietnam War experience regarding U.S.–South Korea relations? A. That the U.S. always supports its allies unconditionally B. That U.S. foreign policy is driven by self-interest C. That South Korea should withdraw from the alliance D. That military aid is guaranteed to loyal allies

B. That U.S. foreign policy is driven by self-interest

What was the 'Aladdin’s Lamp' strategy in South Korean foreign policy during the Vietnam War? A. Magical realist diplomacy B. Withdrawing troops for money C. Using troop deployments to gain U.S. concessions D. Avoiding conflict at all costs

C. Using troop deployments to gain U.S. concessions

What was the significance of the 'Brown Letter' of 1966? A. It canceled U.S. military aid B. It promised U.S. support in exchange for South Korean troops in Vietnam C. It was a trade agreement D. It marked the end of the alliance

B. It promised U.S. support in exchange for South Korean troops in Vietnam

How did the Nixon Doctrine affect South Korea’s trust in the U.S.? A. It reinforced trust B. It had no effect C. It increased economic cooperation D. It caused disillusionment about U.S. security guarantees

D. It caused disillusionment about U.S. security guarantees

What did the Nixon Doctrine state about U.S. involvement in Asian conflicts? A. The U.S. would increase its military presence B. Asian allies should rely more on themselves for defense C. The U.S. would dominate all Cold War conflicts D. It ended all military treaties

B. Asian allies should rely more on themselves for defense

What are the three segments of Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11? A. Conspiracy theory, anti-war, populist critique B. War planning, media analysis, cultural satire C. Presidential biography, war documentary, economic critique D. Intelligence leak, military trial, diplomatic scandal

A. Conspiracy theory, anti-war, populist critique

Why is Fahrenheit 9/11 criticized as propaganda rather than a documentary? A. It was banned in the U.S. B. It is emotionally manipulative and selectively uses facts C. It only includes interviews with politicians D. It is based entirely on fictional events

B. It is emotionally manipulative and selectively uses facts

Which role is NOT typically associated with Private Military Firms (PMFs)? A. Frontline combat in large-scale battles B. Logistics and protection services C. Operating outside traditional military legal frameworks D. Working in Iraq post-9/11

A. Frontline combat in large-scale battles

What major issue arises with PMFs regarding accountability? A. They are governed by strict NATO codes B. They operate under direct U.S. Congressional oversight C. They are not bound by the UCMJ or Geneva Conventions D. They receive civilian oversight from the UN

C. They are not bound by the UCMJ or Geneva Conventions

How does Fahrenheit 9/11 exemplify 'soft power'? A. By promoting military intervention B. By supporting unilateral policy C. By spreading American dissent and advocating diplomacy D. By critiquing only international leaders

C. By spreading American dissent and advocating diplomacy

What were the three major forces behind the rise of Private Military Firms (PMFs) in the 1990s? A. Nuclear proliferation, global economic collapse, and environmental crises B. Cold War expansion, UN military doctrine, and religious extremism C. End of the Cold War, changing nature of warfare, and neoliberal privatization D. Rise of the internet, corporate lobbying, and refugee flows

C. End of the Cold War, changing nature of warfare, and neoliberal privatization

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of PMFs? A. Military Provider Firms B. Military Broadcasting Firms C. Military Consulting Firms D. Military Support Firms

B. Military Broadcasting Firms

Why is Iraq considered a key site in the history of PMFs? A. It was the first war where PMFs were used B. It saw the largest PMF deployment in history C. PMFs were used only for humanitarian aid D. Iraq banned all private military firms

B. It saw the largest PMF deployment in history

What is a major accountability issue with PMFs? A. They are taxed at higher rates than public forces B. They operate under strict NATO rules C. They often fall outside traditional military justice systems D. They cannot be hired for armed operations

C. They often fall outside traditional military justice systems

Which of the following is a recommended reform for PMF regulation? A. Privatizing more functions to reduce military costs B. Increasing secrecy around PMF missions C. Publishing contracts and personnel data for transparency D. Allowing PMFs to self-regulate under international law

C. Publishing contracts and personnel data for transparency

What is Joseph Nye’s definition of soft power? A. Using military force to control resources B. Influencing others through payments and coercion C. Influencing others through attraction and shared values D. Dominating global media with propaganda

C. Influencing others through attraction and shared values

According to Michael Moore in Fahrenheit 9/11, what did the Bush administration use to push domestic policies? A. International support B. Economic growth C. Fear and national security rhetoric D. Social welfare programs

C. Fear and national security rhetoric

What is the hallmark of Moore’s preferred foreign policy vision as described in the film? A. Bilateral trade agreements B. Unilateral military interventions C. Liberal multilateralism and international norms D. National isolationism

C. Liberal multilateralism and international norms

Which country and speech does Moore admire in the film for promoting constructive diplomacy? A. Germany and Angela Merkel’s EU speech B. France and Dominique de Villepin’s UN address C. Canada and Justin Trudeau’s NATO remarks D. UK and Tony Blair’s Iraq justification

B. France and Dominique de Villepin’s UN address

How does the constructivist analysis interpret the Bush administration’s War on Terror rhetoric? A. As a factual recount of terrorist threats B. As an economic tool to support the arms industry C. As a discursive construction to justify coercive policies D. As a legal framework for international justice

C. As a discursive construction to justify coercive policies

How do critics label Michael Moore, according to the text? A. A centrist commentator B. An international law expert C. An anti-government provocateur D. A mainstream media spokesperson

C. An anti-government provocateur

In Moore’s defense, how is he characterized by supporters? A. As a revolutionary communist B. As a traditional conservative C. As a left-wing populist and democratic patriot D. As an apolitical filmmaker

C. As a left-wing populist and democratic patriot

What was significant about the film *Nanook of the North*? A. It was the first color film ever made B. It claimed to document Inuit life but staged many scenes C. It was entirely fictional and animated D. It was banned for ethical violations at the time of release

B. It claimed to document Inuit life but staged many scenes

Who coined the term 'documentary' and how did he define it? A. Robert Flaherty – “authentic depiction of reality” B. John Grierson – “the creative treatment of actuality” C. Nanook – “real footage without editing” D. Mackay – “cinematic portrayal of the truth”

B. John Grierson – “the creative treatment of actuality”

Which of the following was NOT a staged element in *Nanook of the North*? A. Use of guns by the Inuit B. Nanook pretending to be amazed by a gramophone C. A real igloo used for all indoor filming D. Casting people who weren’t actually related

C. A real igloo used for all indoor filming

What romantic idea did Flaherty emphasize in the film? A. Inuit cooperation with Western settlers B. Modern urban development in the Arctic C. Heroic survival against nature D. Technological advancement of indigenous people

C. Heroic survival against nature

What does Mackay warn about audience trust in documentaries? A. That audiences are too skeptical of media B. That it’s acceptable to mislead if intentions are good C. That breaking trust with viewers undermines documentary credibility D. That audiences in 1922 understood fiction better than today

C. That breaking trust with viewers undermines documentary credibility

Why is *Nanook of the North* still considered valuable despite its flaws? A. It was historically accurate in every way B. It fully respected Inuit traditions C. It preserved certain Inuit cultural practices D. It exposed colonial exploitation

C. It preserved certain Inuit cultural practices

What is the final verdict Mackay gives about *Nanook of the North*? A. It should be banned from educational use B. It is a documentary masterpiece with no issues C. It is both a cinematic achievement and ethically problematic D. It has no lasting significance in film history

C. It is both a cinematic achievement and ethically problematic

CIF Flashcards

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