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CIP 1 Day 1 and 2 COPY Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with its environment

A

Corrosion

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2
Q

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the process by which a metal surface becomes less reactive by forming a thin, protective oxide layer that inhibits further corrosion.

A

Passivation

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3
Q

What are the four essential elements required for corrosion to occur in an electrochemical (corrosion) cell?

A

Anode
Cathode
Electrolyte
Metallic Pathway

These components create a corrosion cell.

If any one of these elements is missing, corrosion cannot proceed.

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4
Q

In a corrosion cell, the _____ is the electrically active site on the metal surface where metal atoms lose electrons and become ions.

A

Anode

Anode = Electron loss = Metal corrosion site in the electrochemical cell

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5
Q

The ____ is the electrode where reduction occurs. It is the site that receives electrons from the anode through the metallic pathway.

A

Cathode

Cathode = Electron gain = Protected site in the corrosion cell

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6
Q

Which component of a corrosion cell provides a conductive path for electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode?

A

Metallic Pathway

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7
Q

Medium that conducts ionic (rather than electronic) current

A

Electrolyte

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8
Q

The oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals. A blue-black layer of iron/iron-oxide; cathodic relative to substrate; Generally removed prior to painting

A

Mill Scale

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9
Q

A list of materials in order of their corrosion potentials; with the most easily corroded, or most active, at the top and the least active at the bottom.

A

Galvanic Series

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10
Q

Relatively uniform loss of material over the entire surface and in general thinning of the affected surface.

A

Generalized Corrosion

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11
Q

Occurs at discrete sites on metal surfaces. Usually at defects in coating.

A

Localized Corrosion

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12
Q

What type of corrosion is characterized by highly localized metal loss that results in deep, narrow pits?

A

Pitting Corrosion

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13
Q

Occurs on a metal surface that is shielded from full exposure to the environment because of the close proximity of another material that forms a narrow gap between them.

A

Crevice Corrosion

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14
Q

Substance that, when added to an environment, prevents or decreases the rate of corrosion.

A

Corrosion Inhibitor

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15
Q

A technique to reduce the corrosion of a metal surface by making the surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Uses sacrificial anodes, magnesium, zinc or aluminum, that will corrode in preference to the steel structure they are connected to.

A

Cathodic Protection

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16
Q

_________ is the process by which a metal surface becomes less reactive by forming a thin, protective oxide layer that inhibits further corrosion.

A

Passivation

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17
Q

What are the elements of a corrosion cell?

A

Anode, cathode, metallic path and electrolyte

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18
Q

Different concentrations of oxygen on the same metal surface typically occur under immersion conditions, leading to the formation of ______ _____________ ___ (a type of differential aeration cell).

A

Oxygen Concentration Cells

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19
Q

What element will increase the rate of corrosion by increasing the efficiency (conductivity) of the electrolyte.

A

Chlorine

Chemical salts

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20
Q

Which types of environments are known to be highly corrosive due to the presence of salts, moisture, or industrial chemicals?

A

Chemical/Marine Environment

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21
Q

Highly corrosive environment because of the gases, chemicals and high humidity

A

Chemical with High Humidity

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22
Q

What type of environmental condition can still lead to corrosion due to the presence of reactive gases, even when moisture levels are low?

A

Chemical with Low Humidity

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23
Q

What type of environment typically promotes aggressive corrosion due to the presence of salt and consistently high moisture levels?

A

Marine with High Humidity

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24
Q

A highly corrosive environment because of the gases, chemicals and high humidity

A

Chemical with High Humidity

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25
An enviroment that provides an active electrolyte because of the high humidity and the salt particles
Marine with High Humidity
26
What type of corrosive environment involves reactive substances that can promote corrosion even in the absence of high moisture levels?
Chemical with Low Humidity
27
Splash Zone Area
Mid-tide to 12 ft above high tide
28
Least corrosive environment due to clean air, few pollutants and low moisture
Rural Environments
29
Least corrosive environment due to clean air, few pollutants and low moisture.
Rural Environments
30
What occurs at the anode?
**Oxidation** occurs at the anode, where the metal loses electrons and begins to corrode by forming metal ions.
31
What is the function of the **electrolyte**?
The **electrolyte** allows the flow of ions between the anode and cathode, completing the electrochemical circuit and enabling the corrosion reaction to occur.
32
What is the function of the metallic path?
The metallic path provides a conductive route for electrons to travel from the anode to the cathode in a corrosion cell, enabling the electrochemical reaction to proceed.
33
5 Factors that affect the rate of corrosion
1. **Oxygen Availability** – More oxygen can increase corrosion, especially in crevices. 2. **Electrolyte Conductivity** – Salts or chlorides increase ion flow and corrosion rate. 3. **Temperature**– Higher temperatures accelerate corrosion reactions. 4. **pH Level** – Acidic (low pH) environments increase metal loss. 5. **Chemical Pollutants**– Gases like SO₂, Cl₂, and H₂S promote corrosion even in low humidity.Oxygen, temperature, chemical salts, humidity and pollutants and acid gases.
34
Common tools to control corrosion?
Design, inhibitors, material selection, cathodic protection, protective coatings, splash zone systems, alteration of environment.
35
Mission statement: Undertake simple coating ________ under _________.
Inspection work; direct supervision of a qualified level III inspector
36
Mission statement: Read and comprehend a _________ ___________.
Coating specification for surface preparation and coating application
37
Mission statement: Use simple________ ___________.
Inspection equipment
38
Mission statement: comprehend and use________ _________ __________.
Surface preparation standards (NACE, SSPC, and ISO) to recognize specified surface cleanliness
39
Mission statement: Recognize inspectors job as __________ of a _________ effort.
Part of a team effort
40
Mission statement: Recognize importance of_________ meetings.
Pre-job
41
Mission statement: Recognize need to determine_____________ and ______________
Inspector responsibilities and authority
42
Priority
1. Matches. Number 2.Handaxe. 3. Heavy duty canvas. 4. sleeping bag. 5. Maple syrup. 6. Nylon rope. 7. Snowshoes. 8. Inner Tube. 9. Shaving kit. 10. Flashlight. 11. Rum. 12. Clock. 13. Compass. 14. Book. 15. Water Tablets.
43
Reference standard inspectors responsibilities are to
Obtain, study, and become familiar with each and every part of the standard and it's relationship to the project
44
Some metals like zinc aluminum copper and brass for protective _______ ______ when exposed to the atmosphere
Protective oxides
45
Corrosion is the _________ of a material usually a_______, because of a________ with its environment
Deterioration, metal, reaction
46
Four elements of a correction
Anode, cathode, metallic path, electrolyte
47
The anode __________ in the electrolyte.
Dissolves
48
The two broad classifications for curing mechanisms are
Non-convertible and convertible
49
Four types of adhesion
Chemical, mechanical, polar, combo
50
List to nonconvertible coating types
Vinyl latex
51
List three convertible coating curing mechanisms
Oxidation, co-reaction, hydrolysis, fusion
52
List two characteristics of oxidation cure coatings
Cannot withstand an alkaline environment due to the saponification; excessive film build up my stop tearing of the lower portion of the coating film; Unsuitable for merchant service; care bye reaction with atmospheric oxygen
53
List three coding types that cure by polymerization
Epoxy, polyurethanes, Polyurea, polysoxanes, polyaspartics
54
Induction time
The amount of time after mixing two parts before applying paint to give the time for reaction
55
What is the main requirement for hydration coating to cure
Some amount of water to complete the cure
56
Industrial and marine coatings are commonly referred to as
Aromatic polyurethanes
57
Oil based coating applied over alkaline surfaces may result in
Saponification
58
Five formal sections usually contained in a good specification
Scope of the work, terms and definitions, reference standards,safety, surface preparation, coding materials including the coding schedule, sample coatings, workmanship, application, work schedule, repairs and remedial coding work, inspection, documentation
59
What are two of the inspectors responsibilities as they relate to the specification
To enforce the spirit suffocation, determine what standards and codes apply, safety, and sure the areas to be repaired or clearly identified workmanship application, Work. schedule
60
Components of a coating added in small amounts to perform a specific function
Additives
61
Process in which the similar molecules cling together due to attractive forces
Adhesion
62
A coating that has a high resistance to permeation of liquids and or gases or is applied over previously coated surface to prevent damage to the underlying coding during subsequent handling
Barrier coatings
63
Nonvolatile portion of the vehicle of a formulated coating material
Binder
64
A pig with the passivate the metal surface by forming and then tightly adherent film or by reinforcing and plugging the effects of the natural air formed film
Inhibitive pigment
65
Coatings who's binders are made from nonliving things, most commonly based on either silicone or
Inorganic coatings
66
Coatings who's binders are made from living or once living things
Organic coatings
67
Find solid particles added during the manufacture of a coating which are substantially in soluble in the vehicle
Pigment
68
Why is pigment added
To impart color, corrosion control or decorative properties
69
Coding that uses a metal that is not to steal encroach preferentially
Sacrificial coating
70
Added to coatings to liquefy the binderand allow for application in a productive manner
Solvents
71
Type of resin polymerized from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids or acrylonitrile
Acrylic
72
Coating Specification tells the contractor ....
What to do and where to do it but does not tell how to do it.
73
Absolute wording - Contractor
Shall/Shall not
74
Not absolute - Owner
Should/Should not
75
Strong Recommendation - either
Should
76
Optional Wording - either
May
77
Inspector Responsibility - Coating materials
Only specified materials are used, Ensure proper storage conditions, observe pot life and induction/sweat-in times, Know volume of solids, wet and dry-film thickness and allowable tolerances, dry and recoat times, proper cure time.
78
Elements of a typical Specification
Workmanship, Application, Work Schedule, Repairs and Remedial work, Inspection and documentation (who it will be sent to)
79
Inspectors Responsibility - Job Site
Walk-through to become familiar with the surroundings; each item to be coated or left un-coated; Obtain maps or drawings that would be helpful
80
Inspectors Responsibility - Standards and Codes
To determine all federal, state and local codes that apply to the job; obtain, study and become familiar with each and every part of the standard and its relationship to the project.
81
Inspectors Responsibility - Safety
OWN SAFETY FIRST; Safety enforcement is NOT my job; Be knowledgeable enough to recognize safety violations, Report all safety violations immediately to the proper personnel, be informed of any hazardous substances associated with the work they perform
82
Inspectors Responsibility - Pre-job Conference
Study the specification before the meeting, Crystal clear understanding of specification, modifications or waivers and AUTHORITY on the job.
83
Inspectors Responsibility - Surface Preparation - Standards
Standards: Ensure specified cleanliness standard is used, ensure surface is prepared as specified, verify on the specified materials are used.
84
Inspectors Responsibility - Surface Preparation - Anchor Profile
Know exactly what anchor pattern tolerances are allowed.
85
Inspectors Responsibility - Sampling of Coatings
Select samples at random, ensure coatings are thoroughly mixed, proper sample amount, label the sample container as specified (preprinted or know who to send them to directly).... dry or wet (clarify at pre-job meeting)
86
Inspectors Responsibility - Workmanship
Have the latest copy of manufacturers instructions, clarify performance expectations at pre-job meeting, and report unacceptable work.
87
Inspectors Responsibility - Application
Spec with state who gets the reports; Ensure coating is done as specified, know exactly what thickness tolerances are allowed, Report non-compliance to owner.
88
Inspectors Responsibility - Work Schedule
Understand the work schedule (which item first, etc); Ensure job is done in the manne outlined by the contractor and approved by the owner; inspect at the specified intervals; Prepare and submit the reports as specified. GOOD VISUAL INSPECTION
89
Inspectors Responsibility - Repair work
Ensure areas to be repair are clearly marked and the coating surface properly prepared (clarify what will be used to mark repairs) Monitor the number of repair coats applied, observe re-coat times and check the WFT and DFT as specified; Document the work
90
Inspectors Responsibility - Inspection
Perform QC tasks and document, Verify that work complies with Spec, report all non-compliant work and deviations.

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