Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2a- Endocrinology > Circadian Rhythms, adrenal insufficiency and management > Flashcards

Circadian Rhythms, adrenal insufficiency and management Flashcards

1
Q

What is circadian rhythm?

A

physical, mental and behavioural changes that follow a daily cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is cortisol produced?

A

Hypothalamus produces CRH -> pituitary releases ACTH -> adrenal gland produces cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define adrenal insufficiency (AI)

A

A condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormone (mainly cortisol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is primary AI?

A

Addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is secondary AI?

A

Hypopituitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tertiary AI?

A

Suppression of HPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are symptoms of AI?

A

fatigue, weight loss, poor recovery from illness, adrenal crisis, headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What past history may show AI?

A

TB, post partum bleed, cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What family history might show AI?

A

Autoimmunity, congenital disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What would you treat AI with?

A

Any steroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are signs of AI?

A
  • Pigmentation and pallor
  • Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What biochemistry shows AI?

A
  • Low Na, high K (SIADH like picture)
  • Eosinophilia
  • Borderline elevated TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What investigations would you do to investigate AI?

A
  • 0900 cortisol and ACTH
  • Renin/ aldo
  • Synacthen test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cortisol result signifies AI?

A

Cortisol < 100 nmol/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What ACTH and cortisol results signify primary AI?

A
  • ACTH > 22 pmol/l
  • Elevated renin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What ACTH result signifies secondary AI?

A

ACTH < 5 pmol/l

17
Q

What are causes of primary AI?

A
  • Adrenal antibodies
  • Very long chain fatty acids
  • Genetic
18
Q

What are causes of secondary AI?

A
  • Any steroids?
  • Imaging
  • Genetic
19
Q

What is the goal of treatmen of AI?

A

mirror the normal physiological state

20
Q

How do you treat AI?

A
  • Replace aldosterone with fludrocortisone (primary AI)
  • Hydrocortisone 2/3 times daily
21
Q

What happens in adrenal crisis?

A
  • Hypotension and cardiovascular collapse
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia

2a- Endocrinology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions