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Biology 12 > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How many blood vessels are there

A

20

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2
Q

How many arteries are there

A

9

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3
Q

How many veins are there

A

11

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4
Q

All nine types of arteries are called

A

Pulmonary artery, mesenteric artery, subclavian artery, coronary artery, Lliac Artery, aorta, renal artery, carotid artery, umbilical artery

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5
Q

All 11 types of veins are called

A

Hepatic portal vein, renal vein, Lilic van, hepatic vein, superior vena cava, pulmonary vein, umbilical vein, coronary band, jugular vein, inferior vena cava, Subclavian vein

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6
Q

What is a hepatic portal vein

A

The blood goes from the small intestine to the liver it is deoxygenated blood the nutrients levels are high and the waist levels are high

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7
Q

What is the renal vein

A

It goes from the kidneys to the heart it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients and it has low waste

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8
Q

What is the Iliac vein

A

Goes from legs to heart it’s deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients in it has high waste

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9
Q

What is the pulmonary artery

A

Goes from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs it is deoxygenated blood and it has high nutrients and high waste

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10
Q

What is the Mesentric artery

A

It goes from the Left ventricle of the heart to the small intestines it’s oxygenated blood It has low nutrients and low waist

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11
Q

What is the subclavian artery

A

Goes from the left ventricle of the heart to the arms and hands it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrient and it has the low waist

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12
Q

What is the coronary artery

A

Goes from the left ventricle of the heart to the heart muscle it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and it has low waste

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13
Q

What is the iliac artery

A

Goes from the left and two of the heart the legs it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and it has low waist

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14
Q

What is the hepatic vein

A

Goes from the liver to the heart it is your oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and it has low waist

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15
Q

What is the superior vena cava

A

It goes from the head and the arms to the right atrium of the heart and it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients in it has high waist

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16
Q

What is the aorta

A

Goes from the heart to major arteries is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and low waist

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17
Q

What is the Renal artery

A

Goes from the heart to the kidneys it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and high waist

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18
Q

What is the pulmonary vein

A

Goes from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart it has oxygenated blood it is high nutrients and low waist

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19
Q

What is the carotid artery

A

Go to from the heart to the head it is oxygenated blood it is high in nutrients and low waist

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20
Q

What is the jugular vein

A

Goes from the head To the heart it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients and high waist

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21
Q

What is the umbilical vein

A

Goes from the moms placenta to the fetus his heart is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and low waist

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22
Q

What is a coronary vein

A

Goes from the heart muscle to the right atrium of the heart it is deoxygenated blood and it has low nutrients and high waist

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23
Q

What is the inferior vena cava

A

Goes from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients and high waist

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24
Q

What is the umbilical artery

A

Goes from the fetus and back to the Mom’s placenta it is deoxygenated blood and it has low nutrients and high waste

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25
Q

What is the subclavian vein

A

Goes from the arms to the heart it is deoxygenated blood and it has low nutrients and high waste

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26
Q

Arteries are usually what

A

Oxygenated except for the pulmonary artery, The umbilical artery

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27
Q

Veins are usually

A

Deoxygenated except for the pulmonary vein, the umbilical vein

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28
Q

The multicellular organisms rely on ______ to bring nutrients and waste away from the cells

A

The circulatory system

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29
Q

What is the circulatory System consist of

A

The heart, blood vessels

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30
Q

What is the heart

A

Four chamber organ that is made up of mostly cardiac muscles. It’s a very muscular organ about the size of your fist. the heart is covered by the pericardium/ pericardial sac Which are formed by epithelial and fibrosis tissues. The sack encloses the heart and is filled with Lubricating fluid

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31
Q

What do cardiac muscles do in the heart

A

which allows it to contract and relax pumping blood to other blood vessels

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32
Q

What are blood vessels used for

A

Transport to the blood from the heart to the tissues and then back to the heart

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33
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Connect the arteries to the venules, And exchange materials with the tissue

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34
Q

What do arteries do

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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35
Q

what do veins do

A

Carry blood towards the heart

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36
Q

How can you get blood clots

A

By sitting for long periods of time for example long fights

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37
Q

Pulmonary circulation takes place on what side of the heart

A

Right side of the heart, pumps blood to the lungs

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38
Q

Systematic circulation forms on what side of the heart

A

The left side of the heart, pumps blood to the rest of the body

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39
Q

The myoCardium

A

is the major portion of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle

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40
Q

Double pump

A

The heart acts as two separate pumps the right side pumps blood to the lungs (pulmonary) in the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body (systematic). A thick wall called the septum separates the two sides.

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41
Q

What is the septum

A

I think wall separating the two sides of the heart the left from the right

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42
Q

The first step of the cardiac cycle

A

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium forum superior and inferior vena cava

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43
Q

Step two of the cardiac cycle

A

Right atrium contracts forcing blood through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle

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44
Q

Third step in the cardiac cycle

A

Right ventricle contracts sending blood through the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the pulmonary trunk which divides the pulmonary arteries to the right and left lung

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45
Q

Step four of the cardiac cycle

A

Pulmonary arteries take deoxygenated blood to the lungs carpillories Where carbon dioxide diffuses out and oxygen diffuses in. The blood is now oxygenated

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46
Q

Step five of the cardiac cycle

A

Oxygenated blood enters the pulmonary veins, which takes the blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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47
Q

Step six of the cardiac cycle

A

The left atrium contracts forcing through the left atrial ventricular valve into the left ventricle

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48
Q

Step seven of the cardiac cycle

A

Left ventricular check contract sending blood through the aortic semi lunar valve into the aorta, which branches into all the other major arteries taking oxygenated blood to the entire body where oxygen is diffused into tissues

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49
Q

What does oxygen and deoxygenated blood never do

A

Mix

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50
Q

The cardiac cycle

A

Seven steps that don’t happen in linear sequence instead both atrias contract Simultaneously and both ventricles contract simultaneously

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51
Q

The heartbeat

A

Two phases of the heartbeat are the atrial contractions in the ventricle contractions. These two faces make the sound LUB, DUB. LUB going downward and DUB going upward. The heartbeats about 70 times per minute and about 100,000 times a day and an average adult

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52
Q

What’s the first phase of the heartbeat

A

The Atria are contracting in the ventricles are relaxing

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53
Q

Second phase of the heartbeat

A

The ventricles are contracting and the atria are relaxing

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54
Q

LUB

A

Is the closing of the atrioventricular valves

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55
Q

DUBB

A

Is the closing of the semi lunar valve’s

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56
Q

Systole and diastole

A

The contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle

57
Q

What controls the heartbeat

A

The heartbeat is said to be intrinsic meaning The heart cells beat without nerves like the brain telling them what to do. The heart contains nodal regions meaning SA node, AV node, purkinje fibers.

58
Q

Nodal tissue

A

Both muscular and nervous tissue properties the hearts special tissue

59
Q

Larger blood vessel which carries blood back to the heart

A

Vein

60
Q

The chamber of heart which receives blood from the rest of the body

A

Right atrium

61
Q

Smaller vessels That carry blood away from the heart

A

Arterioles

62
Q

Receives blood returning from the lungs

A

Left atrium

63
Q

Large vessel that carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

64
Q

Sound made by the heart valves during atrial contractions

A

LUB

65
Q

Oxygenated blood is found on what side of the heart

A

Left

66
Q

Contractions in these muscles help to push blood through the veins and back the heart

A

Skeletal muscle

67
Q

What Note receives signals from the SA node and initiate ventricular contraction, located in the Koch triangle, near the coronary sinus on the interatrial septum.

A

AV

68
Q

The heart is able to beat with out the control of the brain therefore the heartbeat is

A

Intrinsic

69
Q

Relaxation of the heart muscle lowest artrial blood pressure

A

Diastolic pressure

70
Q

Largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

71
Q

Membrane which surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

72
Q

Smaller blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart

A

Venules

73
Q

The pulmonary artery carries blood to what

A

Lungs

74
Q

Circulation occurs on the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

75
Q

What returns blood from the parts of the body that are below the heart

A

Inferior vena cava

76
Q

Percentage of blood in the arteries at only one time

A

20%

77
Q

The most muscular of the heart chambers is the

A

Left Ventricle

78
Q

What valve separates the right atrium and ventricle

A

The Right atrioventricular valve

79
Q

These Veins return blood from the head

A

Jugular veins

80
Q

Pressure created by the presence of salt and plasma protein found in blood

A

osmotic pressure

81
Q

What node it is known as the pacemaker and initiates the heartbeat in the junction of the crista terminalis in the upper wall of the right atrium and the opening of the superior vena cava

A

SA

82
Q

How many layers of tissue are in arteries

A

3

83
Q

Device used to measure blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

84
Q

At its Lowest in the venules and veins

A

blood pressure

85
Q

Structures and veins which prevent the backflow of blood

A

Valves

86
Q

Tiny blood vessels which deliver nutrients to individual cells

A

capillaries

87
Q

Returns blood from the parts of the body that are above the heart

A

Superior vena cava

88
Q

The wall that divides the two parts of the heart

A

Septum

89
Q

Another name for the left atrial ventricular Valve

A

Bicuspid valve

90
Q

Total cross-sectional area for blood vessels is highest in

A

Capillery beds

91
Q

Fiber is carrying the electrical signal down the ventricles to initiate contraction

A

Purkinje

92
Q

Arteries in the pelvic region

A

Iliac

93
Q

Muscles can contract to stop the blood flow to capillary beds in certain areas of the body

A

Precapillary sphincters

94
Q

Capillaries are how many layers thick in order to allow most efficient transport of materials across their walls

A

One

95
Q

Circulation occurs on the left side of the heart

A

systematic circulation

97
Q

The expansion and recoiling of the blood vessels during systole

A

Pulse

100
Q

Maximum contraction of the ventricles highest blood pressure

A

Systole

101
Q

What valve prevents backflow of blood as the right ventricle contracts to pump blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary semi lunar valve

103
Q

Substances tend to move in the cells on what side of the capillaries

A

The atrial side

104
Q

Substances tend to move out of the cell and into the blood vessels on what side of the capillaries

A

Venus side

106
Q

Affected by stress, oxygen levels, exercise and blood pressure

A

Heart rate

107
Q

Where are blood leaves the left ventricle

A

The aortic arch

108
Q

One of the layers found in the arteries which allows them to stretch during a pulse

A

Elastin

109
Q

Fetal circulation

A

Fetus does not breathe or eat any nutrients on its own it gets all of its oxygen and nutrients from the Mom. The materials enter the fetus through the umbilical vein.

110
Q

Amnionic fluid

A

Fluid filled inside the mothers womb

111
Q

The five steps of fetal modifications

A

Number one oval opening, number to Arterial duct, Number three umbilical artery’s, number four Umbilical vein, number five venous duct

112
Q

1 ) Oval opening (foramen oval)

A

Located between the two atria covered by a flat, the function is the blood passes from the right atrium over to the left atrium bypassing the pulmonary circulation.

113
Q

2) Arterial duct (ductus arteriosus)

A

Located connects the pulmonary artery with Aorta, Functions by directing the blood being pumped the long straight to the aorta bypassing the pulmonary circulation

114
Q

3) Umbilical arteries and 4) veins

A

Located in blood vessels that travel to and from the placenta, they function a membrane shared by the mom and baby where are the exchange of nutrients and waste occurs

115
Q

5) Venous duct (ductus venousus)

A

Located in the connection umbilical vein to the vena cava, It functions bypassing blood from the umbilical vein hi nutrients, bypassing the lever to the vena cava to the heart

116
Q

what part of the heart beat is under the nervous control?

A

the speed of the heart beat

117
Q

blood pressure accounts for blood flow in

A

arteries, aristoles

118
Q

skeletal muscle contractions account for blood flow in

A

venues, veins

119
Q

medulla oblongata

A

brains hear rate centre, it can speed up or slow down the heart rate, by the autonumic nervous system

120
Q

what areas or common places to check for a pulse

A

the radial and cartoid arteries

121
Q

the ventricles relaxing lowest arterial pressure

A

diastolic pressure

122
Q

120/80

A

120 is systolic pressure, 80 is diastolic pressure

123
Q

when does blood pressure increase

A

when physical activity increases due to need for oxygen and food to muscles

124
Q

hypotension

A

chronic low blood pressure

125
Q

hypertension

A

chronic high blood pressure

126
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a form of arteriosclerosis, its the hardening of arteries caused by cholesterol plaque deposits. occurring usually in the coronary, carotid, aortic, led arteries.

127
Q

stroke

A

a portion of the brain dies due to lack of oxygen. caused by a blocked or ruptured arteriole

128
Q

heart attack

A

when a portion of the heart dies due to lack of oxygen, caused by a blocked coronary artery.

129
Q

thrombus

A

stationary clot attached to an arterial wall

130
Q

embolus

A

thumbs that is dislodged and moves with blood, eventually getting stuck and entirely blocks flow of blood in a small vessel.

131
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormal or irregular dilations in superficial veins, especially in Lower legs. due to weakened valves in the veins

132
Q

hemorrhoids

A

varicose veins in the rectum

133
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein. if the blood in the inflammation clots a thromboembolism occurs.

134
Q

How does cross sectional area affect blood flow?

A

As the total cross-sectional area of the vessels increases, the velocity of flow decreases

135
Q

why does your heart make a noise when it beats

A

these sounds are caused by the closing of valves inside your heart.

136
Q

pericardium

A

is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels

137
Q

order of circulation

A

Blood enters the heart through two large veins – the posterior (inferior) and the anterior (superior) vena cava – carrying deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium. Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve

138
Q

baby with blue skin

A

oval opening not closed

139
Q

differences between fetal circulation and normal circulation

A

Fetal circulation bypasses the lungs via a shunt known as the ductus arteriosus; the liver is also bypassed via the ductus venosus and blood can travel from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale.

140
Q

why does speed drop in capillaries

A

they are further from the heart

141
Q

uria

A

a waste product, kidneys clean waste

142
Q

what helps move blood from the veins

A

skeletal muscle pump

143
Q

what vessels have high nutrients and waste in fetal circulation

A

blood vessels

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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