Circulation & Respiration Flashcards by MaKayla Kinzer

Internal transport system that carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and other substances TO AND FROM cells.

Circulatory system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluid tissue of water, solutes, and blood cells.

Blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tubes of various diameters that transport blood.

Blood vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscular pump that generates pressure to keep the blood flowing.

Heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood is pumped from a heart into tissue spaces (small organisms)

Open system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart and vessels are connected so that the blood remains in a closed circuit

Closed system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebrae has a two-chambered heart that pumps blood through one circuit?

Fish

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebrae has a three-chambered heart that pumps blood through two partially separate circuits?

Amphibians

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebrae has a three-chambered heart and modified separate circuits?

Reptiles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebrae has a four-chambered heart that pumps blood through two completely separate circuits?

Birds and mammals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the four functions of blood?

1) Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
2) Helps stabilize internal pH
3) Carries infection-fighting cells
4) Helps equalize temperature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-From stem cells in red bone marrow
-May develop into RBC’s, WBC’s or Platelets

Hemopoesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

On average, how much blood is in the human body?

5 liters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

50-60% of total blood volume, contains proteins, ions, sugars, lipids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins, and dissolved gases

Plasma portion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

40-50% of total blood volume, contains red & white blood cells

Cellular portion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Known as Erythrocytes
-Must numerous cells in the blood
-Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide on hemoglobin
-Bi-concave disc
-No nucleus
-Mature at 90 days
-Live ~120 days

Red Blood Cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-Known as leukocytes
-Remove dead and worn-out cells and protect against invading microbes, pathogens, and foreign matter
-Arise from stem cells

White blood cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Have the appearance of small grains in the cytoplasm (Basophils, Neutrophils, and Eosinophils)

Granular Leukocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Least numerous leukocyte, creates antibodies against foreign invaders and are involved in inflammation

Basophils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most common leukocyte, first to arrive at injury to fight off invaders by phagocytosis

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Important leukocyte for allergies and parasite/worm infections

Eosinophils

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do not appear to have grains in cytoplasm (Lymphocytes and Monocytes)

Agranular Leukocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leukocytes involved in antibody production against specific pathogens

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Largest leukocyte, acts as macrophages in engulf invading bacteria.

Monocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cell fragments that initiate blood clotting after a cut or injury

Platelets

Blood clotting after cut or injury

Hemostasis

Steps of Hemostasis:

1) Smooth muscle spasms stop blood flow 2) Platelets clump to plug the rupture 3) Blood coagulates (thickens) due to fibrinogens, and forms a clot 4) A protein, Fibrin, forms a net that entangles cells and platelets 5) Scab forms on small injuries

A red blood cell disorder where there are too few cells or deformed cells; causes chronic blood loss, rupturing of red blood cells, and iron deficiency

Anemia

A red blood cell disorder where there are too many red cells; causes excess bleeding or clotting.

Polycythemias

Cancer that suppresses white blood cell information

Leukemia

Too many monocytes and lymphocytes

Mononucleolis

Blood type that has A antigen markers on RBC and B antibodies in plasma

Type A

Blood type that has B antigen markers on RBC and A antibodies in plasma

Type B

Blood type that has both A & B antigens and NO antibodies

Type AB

Blood type that has no antigens and both A & B antibodies

Type O

What blood type is the universal recipient?

Type AB

What blood type is the universal donor?

Type O

When bloods of incompatible types are mixed and the recipient's immune system attacks the donor cells.

Agglutination Reaction

Short loop that carries blood to the lungs to oxygenate blood & get rid of wastes

Pulmonary Circuit

Longer loop that carries blood from the heart to and from body tissues.

Systemic Circuit

Cells that differentiate into cardiac muscle cells during embryonic development and begin contracting on their own, setting the pace for your heart. Located in the right atrium.

SA Node

Main transporters of oxygenated blood

Arteries

Diameter is adjusted to regulate blood flow

Arterioles

A single sheet of epithelial cells

Capillaries

Main transporters of deoxygenated blood

Veins

Smaller transporters

Venules

Keep blood flowing toward the heart

Valves

Force of pressure on walls of arteries

Blood pressure

Peak pressure (ventricles contract)

Systolic pressure

Lowest pressure (Ventricles relax)

Diastolic pressure

The site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

Capillary beds

Arteries thicken, lose elasticity, and fill up with cholesterol and lipids (plaque)

Atherosclerosis

What is the normal heart rate?

70 bpm

Slow rate

Bradycardia

Fast rate

Tachycardia

Irregular heartbeat

Atrial fibrilation

Uncontrolled contraction of ventricles, often leads to heart attack

Ventricular fibrilation

Fluid forced out of capillaries and into the interstitial fluid.

Lymph

Picks up the lymph fluid, filters it, and returns it to the circulatory system

lymphatic system

What are the lymphoid organs?

Tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland

Located at intervals along lymph vessels, they act as a filter for lymph and contain lymphocytes that can recognize a foreign invader

Lymph nodes

What are the four functions of the respiratory system?

1) Gas exchange with the circulatory system 2) Smell 3) Speech 4) Helps regulate acid-base balance/homeostasis

The movement of air into/out of the respiratory system (breathing).

Ventilation

Process in which oxygen moves into the body's internal environment (blood) and carbon dioxide moves out

Respiration

Movement of solute from a higher concentration to lower concentration across a concentration gradient; diffusion rate depends on surface area and differences in partial pressure.

Fick's Law

Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume. (Increase in volume = pressure decrease; Decrease in volume = pressure increase)

Boyle's Law

Animals must have:

1) Internal cells close to the surface that can exchange gases OR 2) A system to move the gases forward

In fish, when blood flow runs in the opposite direction of water flow. *This enhances movement of oxygen from water to blood

Countercurrent Flow

Allows gas exchange in oxygen-poor aquatic habitats and on land; Air moves by bulk flow; Gases diffuse across respiratory surfaces; Pulmonary Circulation enhances diffusion of gases into/out of the lungs.

Vertebrate Paired Lungs

Functions of the Nasal Cavity:

1) Hair & Cilia filter dust and other particles 2) Blood vessels warm the air 3) Mucus moistens the air

Circulation & Respiration Flashcards

(70 cards)