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Clark Anatomy Study > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What body cavity is the heart found in?

A

The Mediastinum

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2
Q

The two uppermost chambers of the heart are called?

A

Atria

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3
Q

The two lowermost chambers of the heart are called?

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

The ____ returns blood from the body above the diaphragm

A

Superior Vena Cava

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5
Q

The ____ returns blood from the body below the diaphragm

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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6
Q

The widest part of the heart is called the ____

A

The Base

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7
Q

The narrow end of the heart that points toward the left hip is called the ____

A

The Apex

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8
Q

The ___ (chamber of the heart) receives blood that has just left the lungs.

A

Left Atrium

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9
Q

The ___ (Vascular Structure) carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary Veins

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10
Q

The ____ (Chamber of the heart) pushes blood to the lungs

A

Right Ventricle

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11
Q

What is Pulmonary Circulation

A

The circulatory system that takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, and then takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein

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12
Q

What is Systemic Circulation

A

The circulatory system that takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body via the Aorta and then takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium via the Superior/Inferior Vena Cava

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13
Q

What are the two different circulatory systems in the body

A

Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation

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14
Q

Do red blood cells use oxygen?

A

No, they don’t have any Mitochondria or a nucleus, and so do not use any oxygen

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15
Q

How does the heart receive oxygenated blood?

A

Through Coronary Vessels, Coronary Artery is the first branch off the Aorta, and the Coronary Vein drains directly into the right atrium. Systemic Circulation

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16
Q

How do the lungs receive oxygenated blood?

A

Through Bronchial vessels. Both systemic and Pulmonary Circulation, the blood mixes and some goes directly into the pulmonary vein

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17
Q

What are the 4 main things cells need?

A
  1. Access to oxygen
  2. A source of Glucose
  3. A balanced fluid environment with the right amounts of water/electrolytes
  4. Removal of waste (such as carbon dioxide)
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18
Q

What are the tiny air-filed sacs in the lungs called?

A

Alveoli

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19
Q

What is Hemoglobin?

A

A protein that uses iron to help bind to O2 molecules

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20
Q

What are the two pumps in the heart?

A

The right and left ventricle

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21
Q

What valve takes blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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22
Q

What valve takes blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary veins?

A

Pulmonary valve

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23
Q

What valve takes blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

A

Mitral valve

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24
Q

What valve takes blood from the left ventricle to the Aorta?

A

Aortic Valve

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25
What wall divides the two sides of the heart?
The Intraventricular septum
26
Why does the body need two different circulatory systems?
High pressure to allow the blood to circulate around the body (Systemic), and low pressure to allow for optimal gas exchange in the lungs without broken capillaries (Pulmonary)
27
What is systolic blood pressure?
The force of blood in the arteries as the heart beats
28
What is Diastolic blood pressure?
The pressure in your blood vessels between heartbeats
29
What is considered High blood pressure? (Hypertension)
A systolic pressure of 140 or higher. Or a Diastolic pressure of 90 or higher - can be caused by narrowing of the arteries, a greater than normal volume of blood, or the heart beating faster or more forcefully than it should-which all force the heart to pump harder then it should have to/ increased pressure against the artery walls.
30
What is considered Low Blood Pressure? (Hypotension)
A systolic pressure of 90 or lower. OR a Diastolic pressure of 60 or lower - Disrupts the body's ability to control blood pressure. Common causes of this commonly include medications and can be a sign to a much more serious problem if detected with more underlying symptoms of illness.
31
What does 'mm hg' stand for in terms of blood pressure
millimeters of mercury
32
What is the Lub-Dub sound the heart makes when it beats?
The Lub is the Tricuspid and Mitral Valves snapping shut (the Pulmonic and Aortic valves are also opening). The Dub is the Pulmonary and Aortic Valve snapping shut (The Tricuspid and Mitral valve are also opening).
33
What is the 'Lub' also called
The first heart sound / S1
34
What is the 'Dub' also called
The second heart sound / S2
35
What is systole?
The time between S1 and S2 when blood is being pumped to the body
36
What is Diastole?
The time between S2 and S1 when blood is filling the ventricles. It is the time between heartbeats
37
What are the Atrioventricular Valves?
The valve between the Atrium and the Ventricle (Tricuspid, Mitral)
38
What keeps the Atrioventricular valves from closing in the incorrect direction?
Chordae Tendineae, they are attached to the wall of their respective ventricle by the Papillary Muscles
39
Here is a picture of the heart
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-contemporaryhealthissues/chapter/internal-structure-of-the-heart/
40
What are the two different parts of the Intraventricular septum?
The Membranous part and the Muscluar part
41
Whats is a VSD?
a Ventricular Septal Defect. Some babies are born with holes in the membranous part of the Intraventricular septum
42
How may layers of muscle are there in the heart, and what are they?
3
43
What is the innermost layer of muscle in the heart?
The most inner layer is the Endocardium, completely encloses the inner cavities. Very similar to the inner lining of the blood vessels
44
What is the Middle layer of muscle in the heart?
The middle layer is the Myocardium, The biggest chunk of the wall. The myocardium is where all the contractile muscles are, and is where most of the energy is being used up
45
What is the Outermost layer of muscle in the heart?
The outer layer is called the Pericardium, is comprised of two different layers which have a gap (has a small amount of fluid in it) between them. These layers are called the Visceral Pericardium (or Epicardium), which is closest to the heart. The Outer layer is called the Parietal Pericardium.
46
How does the circulatory system regulate temperature when it is hot outside?
Through Vasodilation, the capillaries widen to allow more heat to be passed through the surface of the skin
47
Why is 98.6 degrees an optimal temperature for your body?
It is the temperature in which the chemical reactions that take place in the body are optimal
48
How does the circulatory system regulate temperature when it is cold outside?
Through Vasoconstriction, the capillaries constrict to allow less blood to the surface of the skin, so there is less heat escaping
49
How does the body constrict and dilate blood vessels?
There are smooth muscles in the blood vessels that are relaxed (dilated), or squeezed (constricted). The body tells them what to do via nerves
50
Define Artery
They carry blood away from the heart. High pressure, lower volume
51
Define Vein
They carry blood toward the heart. Lower pressure, higher volume
52
Define Capillary
They are where nutrients and oxygen are exchanged with cells/tissue, very small.
53
What happens if an Artery is cut?
Bright red blood spurts out of the artery. There is a lot of pressure in arteries
54
What happens if a vein is cut?
Dark red blood oozes out of the vein
55
What happens if a capillary is cut?
Small amounts of blood, most common type of cut, small amount of blood is coming out
56
What percent of the blood volume in your body is in the arteries at any one time?
around 15%
57
What percent of the blood volume in your body is in the veins at any one time?
around 65%
58
Define Arteriole
Smaller arteries that branch off into Capillaries
59
Define Venule
Smaller veins that receive blood from capillaries. Come together to form veins.
60
What are Large and Medium sized arteries sometimes refer to as?
Elastic Arteries, this is because they have a protein in them called Elastin
61
What are Small arteries and Arterioles sometimes referred to as?
Muscular Arteries, smooth muscle in the wall of the artery.
62
What is Vasoconstriction
Vaso - vein, constriction. decreases the size of the artery and increases resistance.
63
Do veins have valves?
yes, they need to keep blood going in the correct direction with less pressure
64
Why is hemoglobin inside of red blood cells?
If hemoglobin was just free-floating in the plasma in the arteries/veins, the consistency would be a lot thicker
65
What is the Aortic valve also referred to as?
The left semilunar valve
66
What is the Pulmonary valve also referred to as?
The right semilunar valve

Clark Anatomy Study (2 decks)

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