Circulatory Questions Flashcards
(44 cards)
Which of the following is NOT one of the essential components of a circulatory system?
- a pump
- oxygen
- a system of tubes
- a fluid
oxygen
Which of the following fluids is NOT circulated by the cardiovascular system?
- lymph
- plasma
- hemolymph
- blood
lymph
How many hearts does an octopus have?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
3
Arthropod hearts share some common features. Which of the following is NOT a feature of all arthropod hearts?
- Hemolymph returns to the heart via holes called ostia.
- Myogenic action potentials lead to contraction.
- The heart fills through forces of suction.
- Hemolymph is pumped out of the heart via arteries.
Myogenic action potentials lead to contraction.
Fish hearts consist of __________ chambers arranged in a series.
- three
- four
- two
- one
four
What type of capillary is normally found in the kidney?
- sinusoidal
- continuous
- paracellular
- fenestrated
fenestrated
Small increases in blood vessel __________ can lead to big decreases in vessel resistance.
- pressure
- radius
- length
- force
radius
Based on the law of bulk flow, what is the unit for “flow”?
- volume
- time
- volume/time
- force/area
volume/time
The vertebrate heart muscle is known as
- epicardium
- endocardium
- pericardium
- myocardium
myocardium
In fishes and amphibians, spongy myocardium receives oxygen from
- coronary arteries
- trachea
- blood in the heart chambers
- pericardial fluid
blood in the heart chambers
In the mammalian heart, the valves open and close because
- changes in chamber pressure cause them to open and close
- all of the answers
- they are under neural control
- they are under myogenic control
changes in chamber pressure cause them to open and close
Which of the following possibilities is incorrect? During the mammalian cardiac cycle, the right ventricle contracts less forcefully than the left because
- the capillary bed offers high resistance
- the blood vessels of the lungs are delicate
- the distance the blood must travel is shorter
- of the low total resistance of the pulmonary circuit
the capillary bed offers high resistance
Cardiac pacemaker cells have an unstable resting membrane potential as the result of an unusual __________ current
- chloride
- calcium
- magnesium
- sodium
sodium
Electrical signals move through the mammalian heart in a particular order. Which order is correct?
- AV node; SA node; internodal pathway; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
- SA node; AV node; internodal pathway; Purkinje fibers; bundle of His
- bundle of His; Purkinje fibers; internodal pathway; AV node; SA node
- SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and:
- stroke volume
- vasoconstriction
- heart size
- blood pressure
stroke volume
Norepinephrine has the following effect on pacemaker cells
- increased sodium influx
- increased potassium influx
- decreased calcium influx
- increased ATPase activity
increased sodium influx
When there is an immediate requirement for increased oxygen to a particular body tissue in the systemic circuit,
- capillaries will increase in number
- arterioles will dilate in that area
- capillaries will decrease in size
- arterioles will constrict in that area
arterioles will dilate in that area
Total flow in the vertebrate circulatory system can be expressed as the total pressure change divided by
- total length
- total peripheral resistance
- total time
- total volume
total peripheral resistance
Blood volume is maintained by the
- gallbladder
- spleen
- liver
- kidney
kidney
What is hydrostatic pressure?
- pressure exerted by a fluid at rest
- high blood pressure
- resistive forces generated by fluid viscosity
- pressure exerted by a fluid in motion
pressure exerted by a fluid at rest
What is edema?
- accumulation of interstitial fluid in any tissue
- overactivity of the lymphatic system
- a condition of the lungs
- accumulation of interstitial fluid in the blood
accumulation of interstitial fluid in any tissue
Blood pressure at the arterial end of a capillary is __________ when compared with plasma osmotic pressure
- higher
- lower
- none of the other answers
- the same
higher
Plasma osmotic pressure
- decreases substantially with distance along the length of a capillary
- is determined primarily by the protein concentration of plasma
- is a driving pressure for fluid be filtered out of a capillary and into the interstitium
- does not change substantially with distance along the length of a capillary
does not change substantially with distance along the length of a capillary
Which of the following does NOT cause vasodilation?
- decreased oxygen
- increased nitrogen
- increased carbon dioxide
- increased hydrogen
increased nitrogen
