Circulatory & Respiratory System Test

Question 1

Antigens in AB blood

Answer 1

A and B antigens

Question 2

type of antibodies in AB plasma

Answer 2

none

Question 3

blood types that AB can receive

Answer 3

A, B, AB, O

Question 4

Antigens in O blood

Answer 4

none

Question 5

Antigens in B blood

Answer 5

B antigen

Question 6

Antigens in A blood

Answer 6

A antigen

Question 7

type of antibodies in O plasma

Answer 7

anti A and anti B

Question 8

type of antibodies in B plasma

Answer 8

anti A clumping proteins

Question 9

type of antibodies in A plasma

Answer 9

anti B clumping proteins

Question 10

can rh + recieve rh- blood types?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

which blood is the universal donor?

Answer 11

O-

Question 12

which is the universal recipient

Answer 12

AB+

Question 13

steps of how blood flows through heart

Answer 13

1. the superior and inferior vena cava bring oxygen-poor blood from the body to the right atrium
2. oxygen-poor blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
3. the pulmonary artery brings oxygen poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve
4. the pulmonary vein brings oxygen rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium
5. oxygen rich blood enters the left ventricle through the mitral valve
6. the aorta brings oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body’s tissues
7. cells absorb much of the oxygen in the blood and the blood becomes oxygen poor

Question 14

White or red blood cells?:

have nuclei that are stained purple under a microscope

Answer 14

white

Question 15

White or red blood cells?:

leukocytes

Answer 15

white

Question 16

White or red blood cells?:

contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen

Answer 16

red

Question 17

White or red blood cells?:

erthrocytes

Answer 17

red

Question 18

White or red blood cells?:

fight off pathogens and engulf bad bacteria

Answer 18

white

Question 19

White or red blood cells?:

most numerous type of blood cell

Answer 19

red

Question 20

vein vs. artery

Answer 20

vein takes blood to the hear and artery brings it away

Question 21

smallest type of blood vessel?

Answer 21

capillaries

Question 22

why is there a septum wall?

Answer 22

prevent mixing blood

Question 23

after blood has been spun, what is the top layer?

Answer 23

plasma

Question 24

after blood has been spun, what is the second layer?

Answer 24

buffy coat (leukocytes + platelets)

Question 25

after blood has been spun, what is the 3rd layer?

Answer 25

erythrocytes

Question 26

3 types of blood cells and where are they produced?

Answer 26

red- bone marrow white- bone marrow platelets- bone marrow

Question 27

what causes sound of heartbeat?

Answer 27

closing of the valves

Question 28

what is hemoglobin

Answer 28

red protein that carries oxygen in the blood from the lungs to tissues and organs and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs

Question 29

pericardium

Answer 29

membrane or sac that surrounds heart

Question 30

epicardium

Answer 30

membrane that forms innermost layer of pericardium and outside of heart

Question 31

myocardium

Answer 31

cardiac muscle/heart

Question 32

endocardium

Answer 32

innermost layer of heart + lines the chambers

Question 33

what is the vessel that carries oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle?

Answer 33

pulmonary vein

Question 34

what is the vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs?

Answer 34

pulmonary artery

Question 35

what is the vessel that carries oxygen poor blood to the heart

Answer 35

vena cava

Question 36

plasma is mostly composed of what?

Answer 36

water

Question 37

what is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 37

aorta

Question 38

hemoglobin is a protein that binds easily to what?

Answer 38

oxygen

Question 39

what pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries leading to the lungs?

Answer 39

right ventricle

Question 40

what is the function of the valves in the human circulatory system?

Answer 40

prevent backward flow of blood

Question 41

how much blood does the human body have

Answer 41

4-6 liters

Question 42

what helps with blood clotting

Answer 42

platelets

Question 43

windpipe; tube through which air flows

Answer 43

trachea

Question 44

structure in the throat containing the vocal cords; the muscle pull the vocal cords together producing sound

Answer 44

larynx

Question 45

tiny air sac at end of bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur

Answer 45

alveolus

Question 46

passageway leading from the trachea to a lung

Answer 46

bronchus

Question 47

tube at the back of the mouth that serves as a passageway for both air and food

Answer 47

pharynx

Question 48

space between the visceral and parietal pleurae filled with fluid

Answer 48

pleural cavity

Question 49

a layer of the membrane that firmly attaches to the surface of lungs; surrounds the lungs

Answer 49

visceral pleura

Question 50

entrance of air into the space between the pleural membranes, followed by lung collapse

Answer 50

pneumothorax

Question 51

large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest caivity that helps with breathing

Answer 51

diaphragm

Question 52

lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity

Answer 52

parietal pleura

Question 53

the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and the air in the lungs

Answer 53

respiration

Question 54

steps of inhalation

Answer 54

- diaphragm contracts(moves down) - intercostal muscles contract (move out) - thoracic cavity enlarges as the ribs are raised and the sternum elevates - lung volume increases - pressure within alveoli falls to about 2mmHg below that of the atmospheric pressure

Question 55

steps of exhalation

Answer 55

- diaphragm and intercostal muscle relax - diaphragm moves up - elastic tissue cause the lungs and thoracic cage to recoil and return to original shape - the alveoli diameters decrease in size- long volume increasing - alveolar pressure increases by about 1mmHg above atmospheric pressure so that the air inside is forced out

Question 56

explain how gas is exchanged between blood and the alveoli

Answer 56

gas exchange- oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuse across the walls of capillaries into the blood - hemoglobin in red blood cells binds with oxygen - carbon dioxide in blood diffuses across walls into the air within an alveolus

Question 57

how many alveoli are in each lung?

Answer 57

480 million