Circulatory System 1

Question 1

Is blood a connective tissue?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What is blood composed of?

Answer 2

55% plasma and 45% of cells suspended within.

Question 3

What does blood provide communication with?

Answer 3

Blood provides one of the means of communication between the cells of different parts of the body.

Question 4

What is the function of blood?

Answer 4

It transports:

• Oxygen, carbon dioxide Oxygen, carbon dioxide
• Nutrients Nutrients
• Excretory products Excretory products
• Hormones (Endocrines) Hormones (Endocrines)
• Heat Heat
• Antibodies Antibodies
• Clotting factors

Question 5

What is the composition of plasma?

Answer 5

90% water
10% dissolved substances

Question 6

What are the dissolved substances that make up 10% of plasma?

Answer 6

• plasma proteins
• transported substances

Question 7

What are the plasma proteins?

Answer 7

• albumin
• globulins
• fibrinogen
• prothrombin
• serum

Question 8

What is albumin?

Answer 8

• formed in liver
• helps maintain viscosity of blood = ensures bloods not too thin and moving through vessels too quickly = maintaining blood pressure

Question 9

What is globulins?

Answer 9

• formed in liver or lymphoid tissue
• produced during immune response
• transports hormones and minerals

Question 10

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 10

• produced in liver - necessary for Haemostasis

Question 11

What is prothrombin?

Answer 11

• essential substance in blood coagulation.
• vitamin k essential for its formation.

Question 12

What is serum?

Answer 12

• its a plasma which clotting factors have been removed

Question 13

What are the transported substances?

Answer 13

• enzymes
• hormones
• nutrients
• organic waste products
• dissolved gases
• dissolved inorganic salts

Question 14

What are enzymes?

Answer 14

• chemical substances which can produce or speed up changes in other substances.

Question 15

What are hormones?

Answer 15

• chemical substances from endocrine glands.

Question 16

What are nutrients?

Answer 16

• amino acids
• glucose
• fatty acids
• glycerol
• vitamins

Question 17

What are organic waste products?

Answer 17

• principally urea and uric acid

Question 18

what are dissolved gases?

Answer 18

• carbon dioxide
• oxygen
• nitrogen

Question 19

What are dissolved inorganic salts?

Answer 19

Mainly
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium
- chloride
- bicarbonate

(Responsible for maintaining blood pH-7.4)

Question 20

What are the 3 blood cells?

Answer 20

• erythrocytes
• leucocytes
• thrombocytes

Question 21

Where are erythrocytes formed?

Answer 21

They are formed in the red bone marrow

Question 22

Why are erythrocytes corpuscles?

Answer 22

They are corpuscles because they have no nucleus.

Question 23

Why are erythrocytes biconcave discs?

Answer 23

• biconcavity increases their surface area for gas exchange.
• the thinness of the central portion allows fast entry and exit of gases.

Question 24

What is erythrocytes main function?

Answer 24

• gas transport, mainly of oxygen

Question 25

How many erythrocytes are there per cubic millilitre of blood?

Answer 25

5 million per cubic millilitre of blood

Question 26

Erythrocytes tend to clump together in groups - what is this called?

Answer 26

Rouleaux formation

Question 27

What is erythrocytes life span?

Answer 27

120 days

Question 28

What is development of erythrocytes known as?

Answer 28

Erythropoesis

Question 29

What is necessary for erythrocyte maturation?

Answer 29

Vitamin B12

Question 30

Where are erythrocytes ultimately destroyed?

Answer 30

In the spleen - haemolysis is carried out by phagocytic cells.

Question 31

True or false erythrocytes contain haemoglobin?

Answer 31

True - its an iron containing protein, involved with oxygen transportation around the body. - iron released from haemolysis is retained and reused to form more haemoglobin.

Question 32

What are erythrocyte disorders?

Answer 32

Anaemia

Question 33

What are the types of anaemia from erythrocyte disorders?

Answer 33

- iron deficiency anaemia - vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia - sickle cell anaemia

Question 34

Talk about thrombocytes

Answer 34

- not a true cell - fragments of larger bone marrow cells - important in blood clotting

Question 35

Do thrombocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

How many thrombocytes are ther per cubic millilitre of blood?

Answer 36

- approx 250,000 per cubic millilitre of blood

Question 37

What is the life span of thrombocytes?

Answer 37

8-10 days

Question 38

What happens to thrombocytes not used in haemostasis?

Answer 38

They are destroyed in the spleen

Question 39

What is the control of thrombocyte production?

Answer 39

- It is unclear - thought to increase if there is a decrease in circulating thrombocyte count though

Question 40

What are thrombocyte disorders?

Answer 40

Thrombocytopenia - reduced platelet production Congenital disorders - haemophilia - Von Willebrand’s disease