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Circulatory system Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

the arteries which do no contain O2 BLOOD

A

pulmonary trunk and its 2 branches, pulmonary arteries and in foetal umbilical artery

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2
Q

arteries contain what type of tissue

A

elastic tissue

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3
Q

arterioles have ever increasing amount of WHAT in their walls

A

smooth muscles

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4
Q

what priovide maximam peripheral resistance

A

arterioles

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5
Q

angeion means

A

vessel

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6
Q

what veins are o2 blood

A

pulmonary vein and its 4 branches and umbilical vein

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7
Q

largest vein

A

inferior vena cava

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8
Q

capillaries

A

network of microscopic vessels that join the arteries with veins

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9
Q

capillaries are replaced by what in certain organs and what organs?

A

spleen and liver and replaced by sinusoids

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10
Q

blood vessels can be classified

A
  1. distributing vessels (arterioles)
  2. resistance vessels (arterioles and precapillary sphincter)
  3. exchange vessels ( capillaries, sinusoids, postcapillary venules )
  4. reservoir (large venules and veins)
  5. shunt (anastomosing)
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11
Q

total amount of blood in humans

A

4-5 liters

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12
Q

types of circulation

A

systematic
pulmonary
portal

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13
Q

systematic circulation

A

left ventricle to aortic valve to aorta supplying o2 blood to tissue and returning venous blood to right atrium

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14
Q

pulmonary circulatiin

A

right ventricle to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary artery to lungs back to left atrium through pulmonary veins

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15
Q

portal circulation

A

is a part of systematic circulation
has two sets of capillaries before blood is draining blood into systematic vein
first set of capillaries is knows as PORTAL VEIN which branches and makes the second set of capillaries or sinusoids

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16
Q

e.g of portal circulation

A

hepatic portal circulation, renal portal circulation

hypothermal-hypophyseal portal circulation

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17
Q

places in body where arteries are thin walled

A

cranium and vertebral canal

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18
Q

characteristics of arteries

A

thick walled, narrow lumen, muscular and elastic in nature, no valves present

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19
Q

arteries accompanied by veins nerves and lymphatic are called

A

neurovascular bundles

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20
Q

neurovascular bundle is surrounded and supported by

A

fibro areolar sheath

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21
Q

types of arteries

A

large elastic type
small and medium muscular type
smallest muscular type

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22
Q

large elastic type arteries

A

aorta and its branches (brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac and pulmonary trunk)

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23
Q

small and medium muscular type arteries

A

femoral, radial, ulnar and popliteal

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24
Q

smallest muscular type arterioles

A

these are arterioles are 50-100 microns, they divide into terminal arterioles with diameter 15-20 microns and then these have side branches called metarterioles which are 10-15 at origin but their terminal part is 5 microns

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25
the end of metarteriole has what that controls blood pressure
pre capillary sphincter
26
muscular arterioles regulates what?
diastolic blood pressure
27
3 coats of arteries
tunica intima tunica media tunica adventitia
28
tunica adventitia is made up of what and merges with what
collagen fibers and merges with perivascular sheath
29
blood supply of arteries
network of dense capillary is present in tunica adventitia knows as vasa vasorum which supplies it with blood (nutrient vessel) with the outer part of tunica media tunica intima and and inner part of tunic media is supplied by diffusion through luminal blood
30
palpable artries
carotid, femoral, radial, facial, branchial, dorsalis pedis, abdominal aorta and dorsal tibia
31
nerve supply of arteries is done by
nervi vascularis which myelinated parasympathetic fibers
32
nervi vascularis causes what vaso
vasoconstriction
33
vasodilation in arteries are restricted to what areas?
skeletal muscles (cholinergic parasympathetic) exocrine gland by parasympathetic nerve vessels cutaneous vessels are dilated locally to cause flare at site of injury
34
cutaneous vessels are dilated by?
afferent impulses through antidromically through collateral to the blood vessels
35
characteristics of veins
less muscular or elastic, has collagen, wide lumen has valves, less thick, less pressure (7mm hg), has dead space around for dilation
36
valves are absent in what veins
veins less than 2 mm, cerebral, spinal, ovarian, uterine, vena cava, hepatic, renal, pulmonary and umbilical veins
37
structure of veins
3 layers same as arteries less muscular and elastic fibers has more collagen fibers, smooth muscles present and tunica adventitia is thickest and best developed
38
what veins do not have smooth muscles
1.maternal part of placenta 2. cranium venous sinuses and pial vein 3. retinal veins 4.cancellous bones 5. corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum of penis
39
factors helping in venous return
1. overflow of capillaries and push from behind the arteries 2. gravity 3. arterial pulsation in venae comitantes 4. muscle contraction 5. valves 6. negative intrathoracic pressure
40
what is known as the peripheral heart and why?
calf muscles (soleus) because of muscle contraction of tight sleep of deep fascia
41
capillaries
microscopic endothelial tubes interposed arterioles and venules
42
the capillaries are replaced by what and in what organs
cavernous in sex organs, splenic pulp and placenta
43
types of capillaries
1. continuous | 2. fenestrated
44
continuous capillaries location
present in skin, brain, lungs, smooth and skeletal muscles and connective tissue
45
fenestrated capillaries
pancreas, glomeruli/intestinal mucosa and endocrine glands
46
what makes an enormous area for exchange of nutrienrs, waste products water and metabolites
capillary bed and postcapillary venules
47
pericytes
present in outersurface of capillaries and small vanules, where there is no adventitia its processes wind around endothelium act as stem cells takes part is repair of new blood vessels reveal contractile property
48
what are sinusoids
replacement of cappilaries and are large vascular spaces surrounded by the parenchyma of the organ and has no continous basement membrane
49
location of sinusoids
spleen, liver, bone marrow, carotid body, parathyroid hormone,
50
structure of sinusoid
wide lumen, lined by endothelium and thin incomplete walls. endothelium has phagocytic cells. adventitia is not present
51
what is angiosome
3D blood of tissue composed of skin, fascia, muscle and bone.
52
neighboring angiosome are connected through
choke
53
what supply tunica adventita
efferent autonomic nerve fiber
54
cholinergic sympathetic fibers
varicose in nature and causes vasodilation
55
what hormones reach tunica intima
nitric oxide and endothelin
56
anastomosing
precapillary and postcapillary communication between neighboring vessels.
57
types of arterial anastomosing
actual or potential
58
actual arterial anastomosing
arteries meet end to end, palmer arches, planter arches, circle of Willis and labial branches of facial arteries.
59
potential arterial anastomosing
communication between terminal arterials | e.g coronal artery
60
venous anastomosing
dorsal venous arches of foot and hand
61
shunt vessels are found in
skin, lips, tongue, thyroid gland, erectile tissues of sex organs, coccygeal body mucosal membrane of nose and alimentary canal
62
what is glomera
specialized arteriovenous on the skin of nailbed and and digital pads
63
examples of end arteries
artery of retina and labyrinthine artery of internal ear central branches of cerebral artery arteries of kindey, spleen, lunds and methaphyses of long bones
64
circulation through anastomosis is called
collateral circulation
65
specialized shunt vessels found in
nail beds and digital pads
66
what are end arteries
that doesn't anastomose with neighbors

Anatomy (4 decks)

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