Circulatory System

Question 1

What is an open circulatory system?

Answer 1

Circulatory system in which the fluid called the hemolymph directly baths the tissues and organs and there is distinction between the hemolymph and circulating fluid.

Question 2

What is a closed circulatory system?

Answer 2

A circulatory system in which blood is kep separate from the interstitial fluid and in which blood is confined to vessels..

Question 3

What are the 3 types of blood vessels in humans?

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Answer 3

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 4

What’s the function of an artery?

Answer 4

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body.

Question 5

Within organs, arteries branch into arterioles.

What are arterioles?

Answer 5

A vessel that conveys(transports/transfers) blood between an artery and s capillary bed.

Question 6

What is a Capillary?

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Answer 6

A microscopic vessels that penetrates the tissues and allows exchange (by diffusion) between the blood and interstitial fluid.

Question 7

At their downstream, capillaries converge into venules.

Define venules.

Answer 7

A vessel that transports blood between a Capillary bed and a vein.

Question 8

Venules converge into veins

What is a vein?

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Answer 8

A vessel that carries blood towards the heart.

Question 9

What are portal veins?

Answer 9

They carry blood between pairs of capillary beds.

Question 10

What is an atrium( plural,Atria)

Answer 10

A chamber of a vertebrate heart that receives blood from a vein and transfers it to a ventricle.

Question 11

What is a ventricle in s vertebrate heart?

Answer 11

Pumps blood out of the heart.

Question 12

What is a single circulation?

Answer 12

A circulatory system with one pump and one circuit in which blood passes from the sites if gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart.

Question 13

What is a closed circulatory system.

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Answer 13

A circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuit,in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit.

Question 14

All blood vessels contain a central lumen (cavity) line with an endothelium.

What is an Endothelium ?

Answer 14

The simple squamous layer of cells lining the lumen of blood vessels.

Question 15

On average, the human adult body loses 4-8 L of fluid from the arteries. There is also some leakage OF blood proteins, even though the capillary wall isn’t permeable to large molecules.
All the lost fluid and proteins is recovered and returned to the blood via the lymphatic system.

What Is the lymphatic system?

Answer 15

A system of vessels and nodes, separate from the circulatory system, that returns fluid, proteins and cells to the blood.

Question 16

What is the Lymph?

Answer 16

The recovered fluid from the capillaries

The colourless fluid, derived from the interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrates.

Question 17

What causes Elephantiasis?

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Answer 17

Certain species of parasitic worms that lodge in lymph vessels and thereby block lymph movement.

Question 18

Lymph nodes are found along with a lymph

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 18

An organ located along a lymph system.
Its function is to filter lymph and contains cells that attack viruses and bacteria.

Plays a role in the body’s defences.

Question 19

Define the Aorta

Answer 19

The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.

Question 20

What is the inferior vena cava(IVC) -function

Answer 20

Carries blood from the legs, feet and organs in the abdomen and pelvis. This is the largest vein in the body

Question 21

When the heart contracts, it pumps blood and when it relaxes it’s chambers fill with blood.

What is a cardiac cycle

Answer 21

The alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart.

The contraction phase is called the Systole and the relaxation phase is called the Diastole.

Question 22

2 factors determine the cardiac output. Heart Rate(number of beats per minute) and Stoke volume(the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per single contraction)
………

Definition of cardiac output.

Answer 22

The volume of blood each VENTRICLE pumps per minute.

Question 23

Definition of a heart murmur

Answer 23

A hissing sound that most often results from blood squirting backward through a leaky valve in the heart.

Question 24

Definition of the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Answer 24

A region in the right atrium of the heart that sets the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract, the peacemaker.

Question 25

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 25

Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles

Question 26

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 26

Blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed.

Question 27

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 27

A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.

Question 28

What is vasodilation? KEEP GOING. YOU ARE ALMOST THERE

Answer 28

An increase in the diameter of blood vessels caused by relaxation of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.

Question 29

Given that capillaries lack smooth muscle, how is blood flood in capillary beds altered?

Answer 29

One mechanism is constriction or dilation of the arterioles that supply capillary beds. A second mechanism involves precapillary sphincters located at the entrance to capillary beds. Precapillary sphincters regulate the passage of blood into capillary beds.

Question 30

What walls do capillaries have? NOTHING IS DIFFICULT. IT IS ALL EASY. RELAX. BREATHE. BE KIND TO YOURSELF. EXECUTE

Answer 30

Endothelial walls IT IS YOUR FATE SO IT IS BOUND TO HAPPEN, SO DO NOT BE THE OBSTRUCTION IN GOD'S PLAN FOR YOU.

Question 31

2 opposing forces control the movement of fluid between capillaries and the surrounding tissue. What are those 2 forces NO MATTER HOW DIFFICULT IT SEEMS TO GET, BE STRONG. CONTROL THE BODY AND DO NOT LET THE BODY CONTROL YOU

Answer 31

Blood pressure tends to drive fluid out of the capillaries and the presence of blood proteins tends to pull fluid back

Question 32

Many blood proteins are too large to pass readily through the endothelium, so they remain in capillaries. These dissolved proteins are responsible for much of the blood's osmotic pressure. What effect does the osmotic pressure have on the net loss of fluid from capillaries?

Answer 32

The difference in osmotic pressure between the blood and the interstitial fluid opposes fluid movement out of the capillaries. On average, blood pressure is greater than the opposing forces, leading to a net loss of fluid from capillaries.