Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the function of the mitral valve?

Answer 1

Prevents backflow, keeps blood flowing in the right direction

Question 2

What is the function of the killer T cells and helper T cells in the immune system?

Answer 2

Killer T cells: find and destroy infected cells
Helper T cells- identify foreign cells

Question 3

State 2 structures of the lymphatic system

Answer 3

Lymph nodes and thymus

Question 4

Explain the roles of the lymphatic system in the immune response

Answer 4

First line of defence against disease, contain antibodies and lymphocytes and good bacteria, supports immune response, swelling as a response to damage/histamine, transports blood cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones

Question 5

Give 2 advantages of a double circulatory system in mammals

Answer 5

Allows lower pressure in the lungs, greater flow of blood to the tissue

Question 6

State the name of the largest artery of the heart

Answer 6

Aorta

Question 7

State 2 functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 7

Transports white blood cells to lymph nodes, produces antibodies as part of the immune system

Question 8

State 2 symptoms of Von Willebrand disease in dogs

Answer 8

Bruised skin, weakness, blood in faeces, bleeding gums

Question 9

What is known as the natural pacemaker (8 marks)

Answer 9

The sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 10

Where do T cells mature

Answer 10

In the thymus

Question 11

What cells produce antibodies

Answer 11

B cells

Question 12

Discuss the structure and functions of blood

Answer 12

Controls PH, transports nutrients (glucose), regulation of body fluid electrolytes, which help to maintain body temp, removed toxins from the body

Question 13

Cardiac cycle-

Answer 13

2nd- Systole- contraction phase, this is where blood pressure rises
1st- Diastole- relaxation phase, during this stage blood pressure is at its lowest

Question 14

Three phases of the heartbeat-

Answer 14

2nd - Atrial systole
3rd - Ventricular systole
1st - Diastole

Question 15

Veins of the heart

Answer 15

Aorta
Vena carva
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery 

Question 16

Haemoglobin

Answer 16

A protein in the red blood cells that carry oxygen to the bodies organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from organs and tissues back to lungs

Question 17

Foetal and adult haemoglobin

Answer 17

Foetal- greater affinity for oxygen, better access from mothers blood stream, higher concentration of gradients of oxygen in maternal blood, takes from adult haemoglobin

Question 18

Mitral valve disease

Answer 18

Leaking valve
Heart failure
Blood flows back into atrium
Swishing sound

Question 19

How electrical signals control the heart beat

Answer 19

Electrical signals trigger heart to contact or relax
Pacemaker controls rhythm
ATRIOVENTRICULAR node detects impulses coming through atria
Bundle of his carry impulses to the base of the ventricles
Purkinje fibres receive impulses from BOH and cause ventricles to contract

Question 20

Blood terminology

Answer 20

Erythrocytes l- red blood cells
Leukocytes- white blood cells
Thrombocytes- platelets

Question 21

Arteries-

Answer 21

Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure

Question 22

Veins

Answer 22

Carry deoxygenated blood at low pressure

Question 23

Capillaries

Answer 23

Allow exchange of compounds between blood and tissues

Question 24

Left side of heart (oxygenated)

Answer 24

Left atrium- left upper chamber
Aorta- transports oxygenated blood from left vent to rest of body
Pulmonary vein- transports oxygenated blood from lungs to atrium

Question 25

Right side of heart (deoxygenated)

Answer 25

Right atrium- right upper chamber
Vena carva- transports deoxygenated blood from the body to right atrium
Pulmonary artery- transports deoxygenated blood from right vent to the lungs

Question 26

Myglobin

Answer 26

Found in muscle cells
Carries one oxygen molecule
Acts as oxygen store
Oxygen and iron binding protein
Releases oxygen to muscle cells