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Science Test Revision Body Systems > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

4 main components of blood?

A

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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2
Q

Plasma

A
  • Roughly 55% of blood
  • Yellowish liquid
  • Carries nutrients, hormones and protein
  • Carries all components of blood throughout your body
  • Cannot carry oxygen
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3
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • Carries oxygen from your lungs to the body and CO2 to your lungs
  • Contains haemoglobin (a pigment that binds 4 oxygen molecules)
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4
Q

White blood cells

A
  • Fights infection by engulfing disease microbes and digesting the microbes
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5
Q

Platelets

A
  • Prevents bleeding by forming blood clots
  • Signal is sent by body to platelets allowing them to travel to location of bleeding
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6
Q

Types of blood vessels

A
  • Veins
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
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7
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A
  • Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
  • Tunica media
  • Tunica intima
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8
Q

Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)

A
  • Outermost layer of blood vessel
  • Provides protection
  • Made up of connective tissues that contain collagen fibers
  • Found in arteries and veins but not capillaries
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9
Q

Tunica media

A
  • Middle layer
  • Thickest layer
  • Thicker in arteries than veins
  • Contains smooth muscle cells and connective tissue
  • Found in arteries and veins but not capillaries
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10
Q

Tunica intima

A
  • Innermost layer
  • Consists of flat epithelial cells
  • Can provide structural support to larger blood vessels
  • Found in arteries, veins, capillaries
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11
Q

Blood vessels that serve the heart

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary Trunk
  • Pulmonary Vein
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Inferior Vena Cava
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12
Q

Aorta

A
  • An artery that transfers blood from the heart throughout the body
  • Blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, passes the aortic arch which delivers blood to the upper body
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13
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A
  • An artery that transports deoxygenated blood from the heart towards lungs
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14
Q

Pulmonary vein

A
  • Transfers oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
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15
Q

Superior vena cava

A
  • A vein that carries oxygen-depleted blood from the upper body to the right atrium
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16
Q

Inferior vena cava

A
  • A vein that carries oxygen-depleted blood from the lower body to the right atrium
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17
Q

Chambers of the heart

A
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
18
Q

Right atrium

A
  • Top right chamber
  • Receives blood low in oxygen from veins and empties it into the right ventricle
  • Main vessels that enter are Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava veins
19
Q

Left atrium

A
  • Receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps into the left ventricle
  • Main vessel is pulmonary veins, 2 on either side of the heart
20
Q

Right ventricle

A
  • After receiving blood low in oxygen, right ventricle pumps this blood into the lungs to regain energy
  • Blood leaves via the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery
21
Q

Left ventricle

A
  • Pumps oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  • Blood leaves via aortic valve to the aorta where it is transported across the body
  • Wall is the thickest out of all 4 chambers
22
Q

Layers of walls of the heart

A
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium
23
Q

Endocardium

A
  • Innermost and thinnest layer of heart
  • Lines the chambers of the heart
  • Cells are similar to cells that line blood vessels (endothelial)
  • Provides protection to valves and heart chambers
24
Q

Myocardium

A
  • Middle and thickest layer of the heart
  • Specialised type of muscle tissue that forms the heart
  • Contracts and releases to keep the heart pumping blood to the body
25
Q

Epicardium

A
  • Outermost layer of the heart
  • The thin layer on the surface of the heart
  • Layer of elastic connective tissue and fat
  • Serves as an additional layer of protection for the heart
26
Q

Valve

A

Similar to doors that allow blood to flow, ensures time and direction is right

27
Q

4 main valves of the heart

A
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Mitral valve
  • Aortic valve
28
Q

Tricuspid valve

A
  • Contains 3 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
  • Between right chambers of the heart
  • Allows blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle
29
Q

Pulmonary valve

A
  • Contains 3 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
  • Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
  • Allows blood to be delivered to the lungs
30
Q

Mitral valve

A
  • Contains 2 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
  • Between left chambers of the heart
  • Allows blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle
31
Q

Aortic valve

A
  • Contains 3 thin tissue flaps (leaflets)
  • Between left ventricle and aorta
  • Allows blood flow in the right direction from left ventricle to aorta to rest of body
32
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Pressure changes within the heart that allows blood movement through heart chambers and body

33
Q

Events in the cardiac cycle

A
  • Diastole
  • Systole
34
Q

Diastole

A
  • Heart relaxes causing blood to pool in the heart
  • Lasts roughly 0.5-0.7 seconds
  • Generally causes blood pressure to rise
35
Q

Systole

A
  • Heart contracts which squeezes out blood collecting during diastole stage
  • Lasts roughly 0.1 seconds
  • Forces blood to leave through veins
36
Q

Veins

A

Pumps blood to the heart from the body

37
Q

Arteries

A

Pumps blood from the heart to the body

38
Q

Capillaries

A

Form connection between veins and arteries

39
Q

Double circulation system

A
  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Systemic circulation
40
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A
  • Between heart and lungs
  • Done by right side chambers
41
Q

Systematic circulation

A
  • Between heart and rest of the body
  • Done by left side chambers
42
Q

Journey of blood

A
  • Deoxygenated blood is taken to right chambers
  • Then taken to lungs to be oxygenated
  • Then taken to left chambers where it is transported to the aorta artery
  • Taken throughout the body where it becomes deoxygenated
  • Taken to right chambers again

Science Test Revision Body Systems (5 decks)

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