Circulatory System

Question 1

What are the 3major components of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Blood, Heart + Blood vessels

Question 2

What is the circulatory systems function?

Answer 2

Carries numerous materials found the body
E.g oxygen, co2, waste (urea), heat, hormones, digested food etc

Question 3

What are the steps of double circulation?

Answer 3

1) deoxygenated blood enters the heart
2) blood is pumped to lungs to pick up oxygen
3) blood is oxygenated and travels back to heart.
4) blood is pumped around body (every cell gets oxygen so that every cell can carry out respiration)

Question 4

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 4

Blood flowing through right side of the heart and going to the lungs

Question 5

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 5

Blood flowing through left side of the heart and going round rest of the body

Question 6

Name the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 6

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

Question 7

What do arteries do? (+ What do they have that help carry out their jobs)

Answer 7

Carry blood away from the heart
-muscular, thick walls to withstand high pressure
-no valves
-pulse created by heart pumping + contraction of heart muscle
-strong walls

Question 8

What do veins do? (+ What do they have that help carry out their jobs)

Answer 8

Carry blood towards the heart
-thinner, less muscular walls as blood is at very low pressure
-valves to stop blood flowing back
-no pulse
-flexible walls

Question 9

What do capillaries do? (+ What do they have that help carry out their jobs)

Answer 9

Sites of exchange (co2, oxygen)
-very thin walls
-no valves
-no pulse
-delicate and easily broken

Question 10

How is a pulse created?

Answer 10

By heart pumping + contraction of heart muscle

Question 11

Where is aorta

Answer 11

Left side of heart

Question 12

Where is vena cava

Answer 12

Right side of heart
Takes deoxygenated blood to heart

Question 13

Where is hepatic vein

Answer 13

Liver
Takes blood from liver to heart

Question 14

Where is hepatic artery

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Where is hepatic portal vein

Answer 15

Liver
Carries blood stomach/intestines to liver

Question 16

Where is gastric artery

Answer 16

Stomach

Question 17

Where is mesentric artery?

Answer 17

Intestines

Question 18

Where is renal artery?

Answer 18

Kidneys

Question 19

Where is renal vein?

Answer 19

Kidneys

Question 20

Where is iliac artery?

Answer 20

Lower organs (eg legs)

Question 21

Where is iliac vein?

Answer 21

Lower organs (pelvis)

Question 22

What is the heart? (What, where, etc)

Answer 22

4 chambered muscular pump, found left of the sternum

Question 23

What is the wall of the heart made from?

Answer 23

Cardiac muscle. Which is is supplied with blood via the coronary arteries

Question 24

What is the septum? (Function)

Answer 24

Prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing, improving efficiency.

Question 25

What are valves?

Answer 25

Ensure blood flows in one direction only. Stop blood flowing backwards (clot)

Question 26

Describe the different types of valves

Answer 26

One type is found between atria and ventricles. Ensure blood flows in one direction only. Also, there are valves at points where blood leaves ventricles. These stop blood flowing back into heart between heart beats. Closing of valves cause heart sounds

Question 27

Which ventricle has thickest wall and why?

Answer 27

Left ventricle It has to generate enough pressure to pump blood the greatest distance. Right ventricle wall is thinner as it only pumps blood to lungs

Question 28

What is the thickness of atria walls and why?

Answer 28

Thin walls. They don’t pump blood a great distance

Question 29

Name the 4 main valves and where they are

Answer 29

Tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, aortic valve and mitral valve Tricuspid- right atrium to right ventricle Pulmonary- between right ventricle and pulmonary artery Aortic- final valve encountered by oxygenated blood as it leaves heart Mitral- between left atrium + left ventricle

Question 30

Where is bicuspid valve

Answer 30

Between left atrium + ventricle

Question 31

What are the 4 main components of the blood?

Answer 31

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets + plasma

Question 32

Describe red blood cells (function + appearance etc)

Answer 32

Transports oxygen around the body Very small, no nucleus Biconcave shape, (giving large SA:VOL ratio) Contain haemoglobin Oxygen+haemoglobin—> oxyhaemoglobin (bright red)

Question 33

Describe white blood cells (function + appearance etc)

Answer 33

Larger than red blood cells, have nucleus Come in many different types Protect us from infection, fights disease

Question 34

Describe platelets (function + appearance etc)

Answer 34

Cell fragments Function- blood clotting Goes to damaged site + forms network of fibres Red blood cells get caught + form a clot which hardens into a scan which stops blood loss + keeps bacteria out

Question 35

Describe plasma (function + appearance etc)

Answer 35

Yellow liquid Makes up approx 55% blood volume Contains nutrients, hormones, wastes etc Transports co2, glucose, hormones, cells etc