Circulatory System Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
how many chambers does the heart have? what are the functions?
A
left and right receiving rooms (atria)
left and right sending rooms (ventricles)
2
Q
what does the left side of the heart do?
A
handles O2 rich blood
3
Q
what does the right side of the heart do?
A
O2 poor blood
4
Q
what divides the two sides?
A
septum ; wall of muscle
5
Q
valve
A
valvul/o
6
Q
how many valves are there?? what is their purpose??
A
two atrioventricular valves
two valves between ventricles and arteries
purpose is to prevent blood from flowing backwards
7
Q
where does blood collect??
A
in the atria
8
Q
what valve of the heart connects the left atrium and ventricle?
A
mitral valve
9
Q
what part of the heart connects the left ventricle to the outgoing vessel?
A
the aorta
10
Q
what valve is the connector between the atrium and the ventricle?
A
tricuspid valve
11
Q
what valve connects the right ventricle and the outgoing blood vessel pulmonary artery?
A
pulmonary valve
12
Q
when the heart compresses, do the arteries force the blood in or out into the blood vessels (arteries)?
A
OUT
13
Q
what ventricle is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to get fresh air O2 and get rid of CO2?
A
right ventricle
14
Q
what ventricle is responsible for fresh blood sent out from the heart to the rest of the body to provide O2 and collect body’s CO2 waste?
A
left ventricle
15
Q
atrium (upper chamber)? (think of largest space in a building)
A
atri/o
16
Q
septum plural is septa
A
sept/o
17
Q
ventricle (lower chamber)
A
ventricul/o
18
Q
what ventricle forces blood into the main outgoing vessel (aorta)?
A
left
19
Q
where does the aorta branch out into?
A
smaller arteries, making its way to other organs
20
Q
tiny vessels are called what?
A
capillaries
21
Q
heart
A
coron/o
22
Q
at the same time that the LV pumps blood into the aorta, what happens next?
A
the RV pumps blood into the pulmonary artery
23
Q
the pulmonary artery carrie’s blood to the lungs to attain _____ and discard _____?
A
oxygen, CO2
24
Q
what happens once O2 and CO2 are traded?
A
the blood returns to the heart through a system of veins that lead to the main pulmonary vein
25
where does the pulmonary vein dump the O2 blood into?
the left atrium
26
when the valve opens between the left atrium and LV, what happens?
the blood fills the ventricle and the cycle continues
27
aorta
aort/o
28
artery
arteri/o
29
fatty plaque
arther/o
30
vein
phleb/o
ven/o
31
pectoralgia
chest/pain
32
angina pectoris
to choke chest
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
33
arrhythmia
a/rrhythm/ia
no/rhythm/condition
irregular heartbeat
34
dysrhythmia
dys/rhythm/ia
bad/rhythm/condition
irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia more common)
35
palpitation
rapid or irregular beating of the heart
36
diaphoresis
dia/phoresis
through/carry
profuse sweating
37
hemorrhage
hemo/rrhage
blood/burst forth
loss of blood
38
phlebalgia
phleb/algia
vein/pain
pain in a vein
39
how does blood pressure work?
it measures how strong the flow of blood is in the body
40
when a patients heart muscle fibers are contracting and sending blood out of the ventricles, the pressure in the arteries is at its ____?
highest
41
what heart sound is the closing of valves in the heart between the atria and the ventricles?
S1 (1st heart sound)
systole
42
how does systole end?
closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves which leads to S2
43
endocardium
endo/card/ium
inside/heart/tissue
tissue lining inside the heart
44
epicardium
epi/card/ium
upon/heart/tissue
tissue lining outside the heart
45
myocardium
myo/card/ium
muscle/heart/tissue
heart muscle tissue
46
pericardium
peri/card/ium
around/heart/tissue
tissue around the heart
47
cardiomegaly
cardio/megaly
heart/enlargement
enlarged heart
48
cyanosis
cyan/osis
blue/condition
bluish appearance to the skin —— a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen
49
murmur
abnormal heart sound
50
vena cava
vena cava
vein hollow
large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart
51
inferior vena cava
inferior vena cava
lower vein hollow
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body
52
superior vena cava
superior vena cava
upper vein hollow
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)
53
angiogenesis
angio/genesis
vessel/creation
development of blood vessels
54
angiolith
angio/lith
vessel/stone
stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel
55
angiopoieses
angio/poieses
vessel/formation
formation of blood vessels
56
angiosclerosis
angio/scler/osis
vessel/hard/condition
hardening of a blood vessel
57
aortecstasia
aort/ecstasia
aorta/dilation
dilation of the aorta
58
aortic stenosis
aort/ic sten/osis
aorta/pertaining to
narrow/condition
narrowing of the aorta
59
aortalith
aorto/lith
aorta/stone
stone deposit in the wall of the aorta
60
arteriorrhexis
arterio/rrhexis
artery/rupture
rupture of an artery
61
arteriosclerosis
arterio/scler/osis
artery/hard/condition
hardening of an artery
62
atherogensis
athero/genesis
fatty plaque/creation
formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery
63
atherosclerosis
athero/scler/osis
fatty plaque/hard/condition
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque
64
embolism
embol/ism
embolus/condition
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
65
embolus
em/bolus
in/throw
mass of matter found in the blood
66
occlusion
closing or blockage of a passage
67
phlebosclerosis
phlebo/scler/osis
vein/hard/condition
hardening of a vein
68
thrombus
stationary blood clot
can break off and become thromboembolus
69
vasospasm
vaso/spasm
vessel/involuntary contraction
involuntary contraction of a blood vessel
70
venostasis
veno/stasis
vein/standing
trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression
71
angiogram
angio/gram
vessel/record
record of the blood vessels
72
angiography
angio/graphy
vessel/writing procedure
procedure to describe the blood vessels
73
angioscope
angio/scope
vessel/device for looking
device for looking into a blood vessel
74
cardiac catheterization
cardi/ac catheter/ization
heart/pertaining to catheter/procedure
process of inserting a tube (catheter into the heart)
75
blood pressure
the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
76
diastolic pressure
dia/stol/ic pressure
through/send/pertaining to
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed
77
systolic pressure
sys stol/ic
together/send/pertaining to
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting
78
cardiovascular
cardio/vascul/ar
heart/vessel/pertaining to
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
79
coronary circulation
coron/ary circulation
heart/pertaining to
circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)
80
pulmonary circulation
pulmon/ary circulation
lung/pertaining to
circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)
81
systemic circulation
sys/stem/ic circulation
together/stand/pertaining to
circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body
82
atrial fibrillation
atri/al fibrill/ation
atrium/pertaining to
little fibers/process
quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the hearts atrium
83
atrial septal defect (ASD)
atri/al sept/al de/fect
atrium/pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made
flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart
84
cardiac arrest
cardi/ac arrest
heart/pertaining to
stop
cessation of functional circulation
85
cardiomyopathy
cardio/myo/pathy
heart/muscle/disease
disease of the heart muscle
86
congestive cardiomyopathy
con/gestive cardiomyopathy
together/bring
heart cavity is unable to pump all of the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dialated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood
87
dialated cardiomyopathy
dilated cardio/myo/pathy
expanded heart/muscle/disease
another term for congestive cardiomyopathy
88
congestive heart failure (CHF)
con/gest/ive heart/failure
together/bring/pertaining to
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)
89
coronary thrombosis
coron/ary thromb/osis
heart/pertaining to clot/condition
obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot
90
endocarditis
endo/card/itis
inside/heart/inflammation
inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart
91
myocardial infarction
myo/cardi/al in/farc/tion
muscle/heart/pertaining to
in/stuff/condition
death of heart muscle tissue
92
myocardial ischemia
myo/cardi/al
isch/emia
muscle/heart/pertaining to
hold back/blood condition
blockage of blood to the heart muscle
93
pericardial effusion
peri/cardi/al ef/fusion
around/heart/pertaining to
out/pour
fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart
94
aneurysm
an/eury/sm
up/wide/condition
bulge in a blood vessel
95
angio edema
angio/edema
vessel/swelling
swelling of blood vessels
96
aortic aneurysm
aort/ic an/eury/sm
aorta/pertaining to up/wide/condition
bulging or swelling of the aorta
97
thrombophlebitis
thrombo/phleb/itis
clot/vein/inflammation
inflammation of a vein caused by a clot
98
antianginal
anti/angin/al
against/angina(choke)/agent
drug that prevents or relieves symptoms of angina pectoris
99
cardio tonic
cardio/tonic
heart/tone/agent
drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions
100
thrombo lytic
thrombo/lyt/ic
clot/loose/agent
drug that breaks down clots
101
vasopressor
vaso/press/or
vessel/press/agent
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
102
cardiopulmonary bypass
cardio pulmon/ary bypass
heart/lung/pertaining to
procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart sx where the heart is stopped
103
cardio thoracic sx
cardio thorac/ic surgery
heart/chest/pertaining to
surgery that involves cutting through the patients chest to get to the heart
104
cardio version
cardio/vers/ion
heart/turn/procedure
returning a heart to normal rhythm
105
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
106
percutaneous conorary intervention
per/cutane/our coron/ary
through/skin/pertaining to heart/pertaining to
alternating treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patients blood vessels into a heart
107
pericardiocentesis
peri/cardio/centesis
around/heart/puncture
puncture of tissue around the heart
108
anastomosis
ana/storm/osis
up/mouth/condition
creating of an opening between two normally separate structures
109
angio rrhapy
angio/rrhapy
vessel/suture
suture of a vessel
110
artherectomy
arther/ectomy
fatty plaque/removal
sx removal of a fatty plaque within an artery
111
endarterectomy
end/arter/ectomy
inside/artery/removal
sx removal of the inside of an artery
112
phlebophlebostomy
phlebo/phlebo/stomy
vein/vein/opening
procedure to create an opening between two veins
113
varicotomy
varico/tomy
swollen/incision
sx removal of a varicose vein
114
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
115
ASD
atrial septal defect
116
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
117
CO
cardiac output
118
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
119
HTN
hypertension
120
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
121
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
122
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
123
SV
stroke volume
124
TEE
Transesophageal echocardiogram
125
VSD
ventricular septal defect
