Circulatory system

Question 1

main function of the circulatory system (transport)

Answer 1

transport- transport gases, nutrients, molecules, and wastes

Question 2

main function of the circulatory system (homeostasis)

Answer 2

homeostasis- regulates internal temperature, and transport hormones

Question 3

main function of the circulatory system (protection)

Answer 3

protection- protects against bacteria/viruses, toxic substances, and blood loss from injury (via clotting)

Question 4

what is the heart

Answer 4

muscular organ that pumps blood through the body to generate blood flow

Question 5

what are blood vessels

Answer 5

veins, arteries, and capillaries that act as roadways for blood

Question 6

what is blood

Answer 6

carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and other materials through the body

Question 7

arteries (function)

Answer 7

typically carry oxygenated or oxygen rich blood and carries it away from the heart

Question 8

arteries (movement)

Answer 8

thick, highly elastic walls that keep blood flowing in the correct direction by providing a pumping motion to help force blood through the vessel
- artery expands when a surge of blood rushes through
- artery snaps back when the heart relaxes

Question 9

arteries (structure)

Answer 9

three layers
- outer layer- connective tissue and elastic tissue
- middle layer- circular bands of elastic tissue and smooth muscle tissue
- inner layer- one cell thick; flat, smooth cells to reduce friction

Question 10

veins (function)

Answer 10

typically carry deoxygenated or oxygen poor blood and carries it towards the heart

Question 11

veins (movement)

Answer 11

thin, rigid, non-elastic walls. Larger internal circumference than arteries

Question 12

veins (structure)

Answer 12

composed of the same three layers like arteries, but they come in different proportions. Have one way valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards (important for when blood needs to flow against gravity, like in legs)

Question 13

what are varicose veins

Answer 13

when the one way valves become weak and do not close properly, blood can accumulate below the valve and causes them to bulge and become bigger. Factors include age, obesity, poor nutrition, pregnancy and poor posture

Question 14

capillaries part one

Answer 14

capillaries are extremely small vessels and their walls are one single layer. The diameter is wide enough for a single blood cell to pass through at a time

Question 15

capillaries part two

Answer 15

much smaller but more abundant than arteries and veins (they spread throughout the entire body in a fine network) they connect arteries and veins to tissues. this is also where gas exchange takes place (the transitions where oxygenated blood transitions to deoxygenated blood)

Question 16

flow of blood through the vessel (step one)

Answer 16

blood flow begins at the heart, then it is carried away from the heart to the rest of the body by the arteries. Many arteries branch off from the main artery that exits the heart

Question 17

flow of blood through the vessel (step two)

Answer 17

the more they branch off, the smaller they become and they become arterioles (smaller arteries)

Question 18

flow of blood through the vessel (step three)

Answer 18

as the arterioles continue to branch and become smaller, they eventually become capillaries which allow them to exchange gases between the blood and body tissue (also where oxygenated blood becomes deoxygenated)

Question 19

flow of blood through the vessel (step four)

Answer 19

capillaries merge back to become larger vessels known as venules (smaller veins) which then eventually merge back to become veins and they carry blood back into the heart

Question 20

what is the coronary pathway

Answer 20

the arteries, veins, and capillaries that supply oxygen and nutrients to and remove waste products from the muscles of the heart itself

Question 21

structure of the heart part one

Answer 21

composed of cardiac muscle tissue. contractions of the heart are rhythmic and involuntary.

Question 22

what is the pericardium

Answer 22

the pericardium is a sac that surrounds the heart and is fluid filled membrane that acts as a shock absorber and prevents friction

Question 23

what are the functions of the heart

Answer 23

• pumping the blood (between the heart and the lungs as well as between the heart and the body tissues)
• keeping oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood separate
• ensuring blood only flows in one direction

Question 24

what is the atrium (atria for singular)?

Answer 24

the atrium are chambers that fill with blood returning to the heart either from the lungs (left atrium) or from the body (right atrium)

Question 25

what are the ventricles?

Answer 25

the ventricles are chambers that receive blood from the atria and pump it either to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle)

Question 26

what is your septum?

Answer 26

your septum is the muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart and keeps oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing

Question 27

difference between superior and inferior vena cava

Answer 27

superior- "collects" deoxygenated blood from coming back from the head, chest, and arms, and brings it back towards the heart inferior- "collects" deoxygenated blood from the central and lower body and towards the heart both of them empty into the right atrium

Question 28

pulmonary arteries

Answer 28

arteries that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Question 29

pulmonary vein

Answer 29

veins that carry blood back from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 30

what is the aorta

Answer 30

the largest blood vessel in the body that leaves the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body. most major arteries branch off from the aorta

Question 31

valve functions

Answer 31

All valves function to prevent blood from flowing backwards through the heart (like the valves in the veins)

Question 32

Right atrioventricular valve or tricuspid valve

Answer 32

Made up of three flaps and separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

Question 33

Left atrioventricular valve or bicuspid valve

Answer 33

Made up of two flaps and separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

Question 34

what are the AV valves held by?

Answer 34

Both AV valves are held in place by chordae tendinae (strong fibrous strings)

Question 35

what are semilunar valves shape?

Answer 35

Half-mooned in shape

Question 36

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 36

Found in the pulmonary trunk. Separates right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

Question 37

Aortic semilunar valve

Answer 37

Found in the aorta. Separate the left ventricle from the aorta